PART 1

More documents

Recommendations

Info

inspersed; hymenial gel IKI-. Ascospores subbiseriate to uniseriate, 4-celled, (30-)36-45(-50) × 12-17(-21) µm, with a darker pigmented median band and with a brownish apical cap at both ends (outside the exospore) which in fresh material is often reflexed looking like a little sombrero, gelatinous sheath otherwise not readily evident. Harris (1989) cited some of the collections now recognized as P. caryae under P. punctella (Nyl.) Trevisan where it was noted "The taxonomy of P. punctella requires further work...". Pyrenula caryae was initially segregated when the presence of lichexanthone was noticed. However, closer study revealed several correlated characters, the "waxy" thallus, larger ascospores with the very odd apical caps and a strong tendency to grow on Carya. Eleven of the fifteen known collections are from Carya and the species has been named for this preference. The substrate of the other four is neither noted on the label nor readily determinable. The ascospores of P. punctella are 27-38 × 12-18 µm and lack the apical caps but may have an apical dark spot in the exospore or are weakly apiculate with the apiculus often darkening. Also older ascospores tend to have a paler zone around the locules not seen in P. caryae. Pyrenula punctella is still probably not homogeneous. The Coastal Plain collections, mostly on Fraxinus or Magnolia, have a reddish almost endophloeodal thallus, interior collections, mostly on Fagus, have a whitish or grayish dull epiphloeodal thallus but I am not as yet prepared to separate them at the species level in a group where the intimate relation between lichen and substrate give rise to great differences in aspect. Three collections of P. caryae seem to lack lichexanthone entirely. In fact one of the three collections made at the type locality lacks lichexanthone. Overall it seems present only in low quantities as the fluorescence is quite weak. Presence or absence of lichexanthone is sometimes recognized at the specific rank but the unique ascospores allow one to dismiss such a treatment here. The known distribution of P. caryae may also be distinctive, running in an arc around the Southern Appalachians from North Carolina to Missouri mainly on the Piedmont although like P. caryae several also extend into northern Florida. The elevations noted are between 35 m and 900 m. Gomphillus americanus also fits this pattern and also possibly Cladonia caroliniana Tuck. s. lat. (if usnic acid only strain is included) and Cresponea premnea (Ach.) Egea & Torrente var. saxicola (Leighton) Egea & Torrente. Additional specimens. ALABAMA. Cleburne County: 2 mi NE of Heflin, 23 Oct 1964, Johnson (NY);Tuscaloosa County: near Rickey, 24 Oct 1964, Johnson (NY). ARKANSAS. Washington/Crawford County: Devil's Den State Park, 9 Jun 1961, Johnson (NY). FLORIDA. Holmes County: along St. Rd. 2 just E of Choctawhatchee River, 10 Dec 1993, Buck 24686 (NY). GEORGIA. Towns/Rabun County: Chattahooche National Forest, along Appalachian Trail between Dick's Creek Gap and Little Bald Knob, 825-900 m, 21 Sep 1992, Harris 28115 (NY). MISSISSIPPI. Itawamba County: Donivan Slough, Mile 283.3 along Natchez Trace, c. 35 m, 28 Sep 1992, Harris 28633 (NY); Lee County: near Tupelo, 31 Dec 1952, Johnson 1041A, 1046B (NY); Pearl River County: 1 mi S of Carriere, 14 Jun 1939, Johnson 1118 (NY). MISSOURI. Carter County: Bluff on E side of Current River across from Big Spring S of Van Buren, 23 Sep 1990, Harris 25633 (NY); Iron County: as type, Harris 31190, 31204 (NY). NORTH CAROLINA. Graham County: Horse Cove Campground, Nantahala National Forest, 3 Oct 1987, Buck 15387 (NY); Haywood County: Great Somky Mtns. Natl. Park, Big Creek, 45 mi ESE of Knoxville, 2000-2300 ft, 25 Aug 1977, Wetmore 29850 (MIN); Macon County: McDowell Mountain, Nantahala National Forest, 640-945 m, oak-hickory woods, 12 Aug 1994, Harris 33192 (NY). SOUTH CAROLINA. Chester County: Chester, [Green?] (NY). Pyrenula concastroma R. C. Harris, sp. nov. Characteribus internis ut P. concatervanti sed ascomatis inclusis in pseudostromatis trypethelioidibus. Type. PUERTO RICO. Salinas de Guánica, 27 Dec 1930, Britton & Britton 9602 (NY, holotype). Thallus grayish brown, corticate, not pseudocyphellate, UV-. Pseudostromata sessile, constricted at base, mostly oval, ca. 2 × 1 mm, occasionally fused into larger groups, brown, filled with large oxalate(?) crystals and a whitish powder bleeding yellow in KOH. Ascomata many/pseudostroma with apical ostioles. Hymenium not inspersed. Hymenial gel IKI+ orangish. Asci with 8 biseriate ascospores. Ascospores 4- 102
celled, becoming filled with reddish oily substance as contents disintegrate, 31-40 × 15-16µm. The epithet is derived from the bastardization of the epithet of the sister species "concatervans" and "stroma" as the ascospores, etc., are identical to those of P. concatervans and the ascomata are included in pseudostromata. This assumes that ascospores types are conservative and define clades although there is no independent proof for this. In previous generations, P. concastroma would have been placed in Melanotheca, a genus I have abandoned as polyphyletic, containing taxa derived independently in several ascospore defined clades. Pyrenula concastroma is virtually identical to P. wrightii which differs in having a colorless oily substance in postmature ascospores (as P. quassiaecola differs from P. concatervans). This raises the question, does the color of the oily substance mean anything? Have two taxa, differing mainly in the color of the contents of postmature ascospores, evolved identical, highly unusual for the Pyrenulaceae, pseudostromata? This would seem to be a question which the friendly neighborhood molecular biologist is best equipped to answer. Pyrenula concastroma is known only from the type. Pyrenula concatervans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Pyrenula crystalligera H. Magn., Ark. Bot. n.s. 3(3-4): 239. 1956. Type. [HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.] Iles Sandwich. Voyage de M. J. Remy, 1851-1855. Herb. Mus. Paris, misit cel. Nylander, 1860 (FH- Tuck 4107, holotype), syn. nov. Pyrenula confinis (Nyl.) R. C. Harris, comb. nov. Verrucaria confinis Nyl., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 3: 174. 1855. Anthracothecium confine (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 63: 45. 1880. Type. CHILE. Ad corticem eadem ac Glyphis cicatricosa (H-Nyl 1250, holotype). Verrucaria albescens Nyl., Expos. syn. pyrenoc. 50. 1858. Anthracothecium albescens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 64: 45. 1880. Type. GUYANA BRITANNICA. Ad cort. Spondias lutea L. (H-Nyl 1285, holotype). Anthracothecium corticatum Müll. Arg., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30: 96. 1891. Pyrenula corticata (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 49: 89. 1989. Type. COSTA RICA. San José, 5300 ft., 1890, Pittier (MSC, holotype fragment ex G). Harris (1989) declined to take up the epithet confinis as the holotype had not been located. Singh (1985) incorrectly thought a specimen from French Guiana to be the type. In 1994 I located the holotype in Helsinki. Nylander had apparently intended to name the species Verrucaria concinna but never published this name (possibly due to the existence of Verrucaria concinna Borrer). Nylander had not changed the name on the specimen and it was quite naturally filed under this name in his herbarium. I have now studied the specimen and it agrees with the taxon previously treated by me as Pyrenula corticata. Pyrenula cruenta (Mont.) Vainio Verrucaria circumrubens Nyl., Flora 50: 196. 1867, nom. nud., Syn. lich. Nov. Caled. 90. 1868. Pyrenula circumrubens (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 62: 463. 1910. Type. [NEW CALEDONIA. Loyalty Islands:] Lifu, 1864 Thiebaut (H-Nyl 1418, holotype), syn. nov. Pyrenula rubromaculata Vainio, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 77. 1921. Lectotype (selected here). JAPAN. Prov. Kii: on Taonabo japonica, 30 Dec 1911, Yasuda 259 (Tur-Vainio 31242). Syntype. as lectotype, Yasuda 262 (TUR-Vainio 31243), syn. nov. Pyrenula laetior Müll. Arg. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 6: 413. 1885. Type. CUBA. Wright, Verr. Cub. 51 (FH-Tuck 4108, isotype). New to North America. FLORIDA. Citrus County: Mason Creek, ca. 2 mi SW of Homossasa, coastal hammock, elev. 2 m, on trunk of Ilex cassine, 10 May 1994, Griffin 2944 (FLAS, NY); Polk County: Nalcrest, on fallen oak branch, 11 Mar 1989, Wheeler (NY); Taylor County: Aucilla Wildlife Management Area, Aucilla Sinks, S of Goose Pasture Road along Florida Trail, ca. 4 mi N of U.S. Hwy. 98, on young Carya, 12 Dec 1993, Harris 32285 (NY). The ascospores and asci resemble those of Pyrenula aspistea (Ach.) Ach. which differs in having the hymenium not inspersed. Pyrenula laetior is also close to Pyrenula velata Müll. Arg. from Brazil which differs 103
Page 1 and 2:
PART 1 INTRODUCTION Sadly this intr
Page 3 and 4:
...................................
Page 5 and 6:
1. Ascomata immersed or emergent; n
Page 7 and 8:
ascospores 18-24 × 3 µm; Louisian
Page 9 and 10:
2. Ascospores 1(-2)/ascus..........
Page 11 and 12:
3. Ascomata immersed or sessile, bl
Page 13 and 14:
GYROSTOMUM Fr. Only the single spec
Page 15 and 16:
Sarcographia labyrinthica (Ach.) M
Page 17 and 18:
to expose black rim around pore; co
Page 19 and 20:
4. Ascospores light to dark brown..
Page 21 and 22:
2. Apothecia minute, ca. 0.2 mm tal
Page 23 and 24:
three collections of C. stemonea te
Page 25 and 26:
...................................
Page 27 and 28:
COLLEMA Wigg. [The non-lichenized l
Page 29 and 30:
PILOCARPACEAE Zahlbr. There are mor
Page 31 and 32:
doubt the occurrence of this specie
Page 33 and 34:
22. Podetia forming abruptly flared
Page 35 and 36:
11. Isidia cylindrical ............
Page 37 and 38:
12. Medulla yellow; thallus not sor
Page 39 and 40:
3. Soredia farinose, not derived fr
Page 41 and 42:
Lake County U. baileyi (Stirton) Za
Page 43 and 44:
10. Ascospores 22-41 × 11-21 µm..
Page 45 and 46:
6. Underside white or purplish gray
Page 47 and 48:
PD+ dirty orangish; ascospores 4-ce
Page 49 and 50:
9. Medulla PD+ orange .............
Page 51 and 52: hope, leads to more intensive study
Page 53 and 54: Chaetothyriales and a number of par
Page 55 and 56: 2. Ascomata scattered; clypeus larg
Page 57 and 58: Duval County.......................
Page 59 and 60: Arthopyrenia atomarioides Müll. Ar
Page 61 and 62: ascomata, muriform ascospores) and
Page 63 and 64: 1. Ascoma simple, with only a singl
Page 65 and 66: Mycoporum compositum (Massal.) R. C
Page 67 and 68: XANTHOPYRENIACEAE Zahlbr. It has be
Page 69 and 70: Pyrenocollema tichothecioides (Arn.
Page 71 and 72: The family is defined here more nar
Page 73 and 74: a basal fringe; ascospores 20-30 ×
Page 75 and 76: above). The selection of piece B is
Page 77 and 78: Arthopyrenia exasperata R. C. Harri
Page 79 and 80: immersis clypeo lato et microconidi
Page 81 and 82: 9. Ascospores small, 16-22 × 8-9
Page 83 and 84: ?Polyblastiopsis alboatra Zahlbr. i
Page 85 and 86: Additional specimens. FLORIDA. Coll
Page 87 and 88: 5. Endospore absent or poorly devel
Page 89 and 90: 1. Ascospores small, under 20 µm l
Page 91 and 92: Distopyrenis pachyospora Aptroot Ap
Page 93 and 94: Tomasellia nigrescens Müll. Arg.,
Page 95 and 96: illustration and distribution, P. c
Page 97 and 98: 12. Ascospores 30-42(-53) × 11-15
Page 99 and 100: 33. Ascospores 44-50(-56) × 17-24
Page 101: 47. Endospore very reduced; ascospo
Page 105 and 106: 5.VIII.1990, Kalb 23189, not seen,
Page 107 and 108: Aptroot, for which I have seen the
Page 109 and 110: The type collection has some ascosp
Page 111 and 112: Pseudopyrenula endochrysea Vainio,
Page 113 and 114: TRYPETHELIUM Sprengel 1. Thallus or
Page 115 and 116: 2). Trypethelium variolosum Ach., A
Page 117 and 118: 1. Ascomata present; pycnidia prese
Page 119 and 120: 14 above...........................
Page 121 and 122: This species was treated in 1990 as
Page 123 and 124: subclavate, 180-220 × 45-55 µm, w
Page 125 and 126: Monoblastia borinquensis R. C. Harr
Page 127 and 128: 9. Ascospores biseriate or irregula
Page 129 and 130: conidia in a single row; macroconid
Page 131 and 132: 33. Ascospores broadly elliptical,
Page 133 and 134: 50. Medulla UV-; cortex UV+ yellow;
Page 135 and 136: 69. Growing in aquatic or semiaquat
Page 137 and 138: Anisomeridium angulosum (Müll. Arg
Page 139 and 140: Arthopyrenia glaucescens Müll. Arg
Page 141 and 142: 16.5-23 µm. As I have unpacked onl
Page 143 and 144: Species distincta macropycnidiis ro
Page 145 and 146: the species or strain of the photob
Page 147 and 148: univ. 1: 188. 1921. Phyllobathelium
Page 149 and 150: and S. tagananae are transferred fr
Page 151 and 152: 1.0 mm diam.; wall black, thinner b
Page 153 and 154:
this to mean Massalongo intended (i
Page 155 and 156:
5. Ascospores basically 4/ascus, 11
Page 157 and 158:
Thelenella humilis R. C. Harris, sp
Page 159 and 160:
Afro-montagnard Centre-oriental: en
Page 161 and 162:
multiseptate in Trichothelium. Asco
Page 163 and 164:
Pyrenula mastoidea Ach., Ges. Natur
Page 165 and 166:
junk heap. These variants (sp. 6, s
Page 167 and 168:
Hedwigia 67: 274. 1927. Type not se
Page 169 and 170:
dark green-blue in section; on bamb
Page 171 and 172:
Trichothelium isidiatum could be re
Page 173 and 174:
Arthopyrenia planiuscula...........
Page 175 and 176:
Distopyrenis pachyospora ..........
Page 177 and 178:
Mycocalicium subtile...............
Page 179 and 180:
Polyblastiopsis sphaerica..........
Page 181 and 182:
Thelenella humilis.................
show all

PART 1

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?