1 Earliest Rome

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a o ;c JO ;cr- I 1 1 [ 1 1 4.2 The temple of Mars Ultor 1. J he cult statue. It has also been suggested that there were cult statues of Venus and of divusjuYms that stood on either side of that of Mars Ultor. For this possibility see Vol. 1, 331-3 fig. 7.2a. Also kept in the cella of the temple were the Roman standards cap tured by the Parthians at their victory at the battle of Carrhae (53 U.c.) and recovered by Augustus in 20 B.C. These standards gave another sense to Mars' role as avenger. 2. Sculptural group in temple pediment. In addition two reclining figures filled the corners - usually identified as personifications of the river Tiber (right) and the Palatine Hill (left). Some small-scale versions of the pedimental group survive. Note, especially, a first-century A.D. sculptural relief showing the whole facade of a temple, probably to be identified as Mars Ultor, Vol. 1, fig. 4.5. 3. The exedrae 'balance' in direct opposition statues of the two legendary founders of the Roman race: Aeneas, son of Venus and ancestor of Augustus' family; and Romulus, son of Mars. 4. Statues of Augustus' ancestors, the Julii. 5. Statues of the legendary rulers of Alba Longa - the city founded by Aeneas on his arrival in Italy and predating <strong>Rome</strong> itself. 6. Statues of the most distinguished generals and statesmen of the Republic. Underneath each was an inscribed summary of the man's career (an elogium). For the surviving frag ments of these inscriptions and statues, see Zanker (1988) 210-15*; Degrassi (1937) 1-36; (1939) (for surviving Latin texts of the inscriptions). 81
4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstruction ofthe temple and Forum 1. Each of these columns was over 16 metres tali. 2. The upper storey is supported by caiyatids (female figures) modelled on those from the Ercchtheion (shrine of Erechtheus) on the Athenian Acropolis. 3. The statues of the republican heroes stood in niches along the rear wall of the colonnade. 4.2c The temple and its uses Suetonius, Life c>f Augustus 29 Like most Roman temples (see below4.7), the temple of Mars Ultor was not solely what we would think of as a 'religious' building. Many different kinds of public activities took place in the temple, as well as in the open area in front of it. See further: Stambaugh (1978) 554-6*. His
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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6. . S A C R I F I C E S 8. Addenda
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6. S A C R I F I C E S 6.3c The exp
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
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IO. ROME OUTSIDE ROME 244 4. Milita
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11 Threats to the Roman order 260 R
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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1 Earliest Rome

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