1 Earliest Rome

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2.7d Attis 2.7 Magna Mater and her cult 1. Turreted crown; a symbol of her role as proteccress of cities. See 2.7e; Ovid, Fasti iv.219-21. 2. In her right hand she holds a patent, in her left a tympanum (see 2.7e, with n.5). 3. Lions - a Standard aecompaniment ofthe goddess, elsewhere shown on her lap or resting at her feet. See 2.7e; Ovid, Fasti IV.215-18. Closely associated with Magna Macer is the figure of Atcis - who (aecording to most versions of his myth) castrated himself after being driven into a frenzy by Magna Mater, jealous of his affection for another woman. He was not only the mythical proto type ofthe eunuch cult officials, the galli (8.7), but also the focus of a series of rituals that were part of public Roman ritual by the early Principate. For hymns to Atcis, see 12.7e (iv). It has been thought that Attis was introduced considerably later than Magna Mater; that it was only in the Empire that this aggressively 'oricntal' deity was admiteed to <strong>Rome</strong>. But excavations on the site ofthe Palatine temple of Magna Mater have produced numerous statuettes of Attis (such as those illustrated) from early phases (second to first centuries B.C.) of its occupation. See further: Vol. 1, 97-8, 164-6; Lambrechts (1962), with review by North (1965); Vermaseren (1966); (1977a) 41-3, 113-24*; for che archaeological material, Romanelli (1963); Vermaseren (1977b) 11-36. 47
2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna Mate)- as the Earth Like other deities, Magna Mater was interpreted in numerous different ways. Here Lucretius treats her as an allegory of the Earth and explains her attributes in terms ofthat allegory. See further: West (1964) 103-14*; Jope (1985). Lucretius, On the Nature of Things, 11.581-628 In this connection you should also keep in mind one other fact, sealed and treasured in your memory: there is nothing, whose nature is clearly visible to us, that consists of one type of element only, and nothing that is not formed from a mixture of different kinds of particle; and the more powers and qualities any particular substance has, so it shows us that there are within it elements of very many different typcs and shapes. First, the earth contains the primordial matter from which the Springs, rolling down their coolness, constantly replenish the vast sea; and it possesses the matter that gives birth to fire. For in many places the earths surface smoulders and burns, and from its depths the eruptions of Etna 1 blaze furiously. Then too it has the capacity to bring forth shining crops and bounteous orchards for the races of men, and to furnish rivers and leaves and bounteous pastures for the breed of wild beasts that roams the mountains. That is why this one 48
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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1 Earliest Rome

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