1 Earliest Rome

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Bibliography just over half the original survives (Loeb; Penguin); Histories: Latin history of Rome from A.D. 69-96, written c. A.D. 101-9; the first third survives (Loeb; Penguin) Tatian, Address to the Greeks: defence of Christianity written in Greek, perhaps at Rome, in the late 170s A.D. (ANCL; M. Whittaker, Oxford 1982) Tertullian, Apology: Latin treatise in defence of Christianity, c. A.D. 200 (Loeb; ANCL; FC); On the Soldier's Crown: Christian Latin treatise on the problem of Christians serving in the Roman army, A.D. 211 (ANCL; FC); To ScapuU: Latin appeal to the governor of Africa on behalf of the Christians, A.D. 212 (ANCL; FC) Theodosian Code: compilation ordered by the emperor Theodosius of legal enactments from the time of Constantine onwards, published in A.D. 438 (C. Pharr, Princeton 1952) Varro, Human and Divine Antiquities: Latin treatise on Roman antiquities. The last 16 of the 41 books, published in 46 B.C., dealt systematically with Roman religion. It is known to us only through quotation and paraphrase in other authors; On the Latin Language: philological treatise completed between 45 and 43 B.C.; six of the original twenty-five books survive (Loeb) Velleius Paterculus, History of Rome: Latin history, focusing on Augustan and Tiberian periods, completed by A.D. 30 (Loeb) Virgil, Aeneid: Latin epic poem, written 29-19 B.C. (Loeb; Penguin) Zosimus, New History: Greek history of Rome, focusing on fourth and early fifth centuries A.D., written between A.D. 498 and 518 (J. J. Buchanan and H. T. Davis, San Antonio, TX 1967) Secondary literature Age of Spirituality (1979) The Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Centuries, ed. K. Weitzmann. New York. Alföldi, A. (1960) 'Diana Nemorensis', Amer. J. Arch. 64: 137-44. (1965) Early Rome and the Latins. Ann Arbor. (1974) Die Struktur des voretruskischen Römerstaates (Bibliothek des klassischen Altertumswissenschaften new ser. 1, 5). Heidelberg. Altmann, A. (1968) Homo imago dei'm Jewish and Christian theology',/, of Religion 48: 235-59. Ampolo, C. (1970) 'L'Artemide di Marsiglia e la Diana dell'Aventino', Parola delPassato 25: 200-10. (1988) 'Rome archaïque. Une société pastorale?', in Pastoral Economies in ClassicalAntiquity (Camb. Philol. Soc. Supp. 14), ed. C. R. Whittaker, 120-33. Cambridge. (1993) 'Boschi sacri e culti federalï. L'esempio del Lazio', in Cazanove and Scheid (1993) 159-67. Andresen, C. (1955) Logos undNomos. Die Polemik des Kekos wider das Christentum. Berlin. Antaya, R. (1980) 'The etymology ofpomerium', Amer. f. Philol. 101: 184-9. Arce, J. (1988) Funus imperatorum. Los funerales de los emperadores romanos. Madrid. 375
Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philosophical critique of religion under the early empire', ANRWn. 16.1:45-78. Ausbüttel, F. M. (1982) Untersuchungen zu den Vereinen im Westen des römischen Reiches (Frankfurter althistorische Studien 11). Kallmünz. Baisdon, J. P. V. D. (1951) 'SullaFelix, JRSAV. 1-10. (1966) 'Fabula Clodiana', Historia 15: 65-73. (1969) Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome. London. Barb, A. A. (1963) 'The survival of the magic arts', in Momigliano (1963b) 100-25. Barnes, T. D. (1968a) 'Legislation against the Christians', JRS58: 32-50, repr. in Barnes (1984). (1968b) 'VreADecizn Acta Martyrum', J. Theol. Stud. 19: 509-31, repr. in Barnes (1984). (1970) 'The chronology of Montanism',/. Theol. Stud. 21: 403-8. (1971) Tertullian. Oxford. (1975) 'The beginning of Donatism',/. Theol. Stud. 26: 13-22, repr. in Barnes (1984). (1981) Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, MA. (1984) Early Christianity and the Roman Empire. London. Barrett, A. A. (1989) Caliguk: the Corruption of Power. London. Barton, I. M. (1982) 'Capitoline temples in Italy and the Provinces (especially Africa)', ANRWn. 12.1: 259-342. (1989) 'Religious buildings', in Roman Public Buildings (Exeter Studies in History 20), ed. Barton, 67—96. Exeter. Barton, T. (1994a) Ancient Astrology. London and New York. (1994b) 'Astrology and the state in imperial Rome', in Thomas and Humphrey (1994) 146-63. (1995) 'Augustus and Capricorn, JRS 85: 33-51. Basanoff, Y. (1947) Evocatio: étude d'un rituel militaire romain (Bibl. Ecole Hautes Etudes Sciences Rel. 61). Paris. (1950) 'M. Caedicius de plèbe ... et... Q. Caedicius centurio', Latomus9: 13-26. Bastiaensen, A. A. R. ed. (1990) Atti epassioni dei martiri, 2nd edn. Milan. Baumann, U. (1983) Rom und die Juden. Die römisch-jüdischen Beziehungen von Pompeius bis zum Tode des Merodes (63v. Chr.—4v. Chr.) (Studia philosophica et historica 4). Frankfurt am Main. Bayet, J. (1926) Les origines de l'Hercule romain (Bibl. Ecoles franc. d'Athènes et de Rome 132). Paris. (1935) 'Le rite du fecial et le cornouiller magique', MEFR 52: 29-76, repr. in Bayet (1971) 9-43. (1951) 'Les "Cerialia". Altération d'un culte latin par le mythe grec', Rev. belge Philol. 39: 5-32, 341-66, repr. in Bayet (1971) 89-129. (1955) 'Les sacerdoces romains et la pré-divinisation impériale', Bull. Acad. royale de Belgique, cl. des lettres 41: 453-527, repr. in Bayet (1971) 275-336. ( 1971) Croyances et rites dans la Rome antique. Paris. Baynes, N. H. (1972) Constantine and the Christian church, 2nd edn. by H. Chadwick. London. First published in Proc. British Acad. 15 (1931) 341-442.
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 2.3 The deif
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'schools' of
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME spear, shiel
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME no substance
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'Pythian Apo
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME statue, but
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 46 1. A seac
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2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Livy, Histor
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1. THE DEITIES OF ROME 52 1. Antoni
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2. T H E D E I T I E S O E R O M E
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2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME V. Väänän
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3 The calendar 60 The official stat
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3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R G VINAL.
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R prevent ru
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R Degrassi (
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R 3.4 A cale
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3. T H E C A L E N D A R ] privileg
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R and the a
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3. T H E C A L E N D A R Ides of A
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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4· R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 8
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstru
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 84
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 4.
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
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4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 3-
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4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S Si
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 96
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
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RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 106 1. Richly
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A C E S come to venerate the apostl
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5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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S- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Livy, H
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5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Servius
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•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
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5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A M D C E R E
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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6. . S A C R I F I C E S 8. Addenda
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6. S A C R I F I C E S 6.3c The exp
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6. S A C R I F I C E S not be vowed
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6. S A C R I F I C E S than human,
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6. S A C R I F I C E S Augustan His
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6. S A C R I F I C E S lap in perso
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6. S A C R I F I C E S same number
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7 D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I
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J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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J, D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I N
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8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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S. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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9 Individuals and gods: life and de
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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O.. I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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IO. ROME OUTSIDE ROME 244 4. Milita
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1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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10. R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E A
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1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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11 Threats to the Roman order 260 R
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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IT. T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M A
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12 Religious groups 288 As Roman re
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S A
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1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S s
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12. RELIGIOUS GROUPS Patron Suaerri
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12. R E U G I O U S G R O U P S I a
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S t
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1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S L
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Page 395 and 396: Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
Page 397 and 398: Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
Page 399 and 400: Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
Page 401 and 402: Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
Page 403 and 404: Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
Page 405 and 406: Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
Page 407 and 408: (1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
Page 409 and 410: Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
Page 411 and 412: Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
Page 413 and 414: Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Page 417 and 418: Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
Page 419 and 420: CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
Page 421 and 422: General index References are to tex
Page 423 and 424: General index Dioscuri, see Castor
Page 425 and 426: General index festivals, sacrifices
Page 427: General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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1 Earliest Rome

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