1 Earliest Rome

Bibliography
Horace, Epodes: Latin poems written in the 30s B.C. (Loeb; Penguin)
Irenaeus, Against Heresies: extensive Christian denunciation of heresies, especially
Gnostic ones; written c. A.D. 180-5 in Greek, though much survives only
in a Latin translation (ACW; ANCL; LF)
Josephus, Jewish Antiquities: a history of the Jews, from the beginnings to the
outbreak of the Jewish War of A.D. 66—70, written in Greek, by a Jew;
finished A.D. 93-4 (Loeb)
Justin, First snA. Second Apology: defences of Christianity, composed in Greek at
Rome, the first c. A.D. 153-5, the second, which may be simply a
continuation of the first, a little later (ANCL; FC; LF)
Justinian, Digest: codification, ordered by the emperor Justinian, of the works of
the Roman jurists of the second and third centuries A.D.; published A.D.
533 (A. Watson, Philadelphia 1985)
Juvenal, Satires: Latin poems composed in the first quarter of the second century
A.D. (Loeb; Penguin)
Lactantius, Divine Institutes: Latin defence of Christianity, written between A.D.
303 and 312, revised c. 324 (ANCL; FC); On the Deaths of the Persecutors:
Christian Latin treatise on the awful deaths of those who persecuted
Christians, written c. A.D. 314-15 (?), revised a little later (ANCL; J. L.
Creed, Oxford 1984)
Livy, History: Latin history of Rome from the foundation to 9 B.C., written
between c. 30 B.C. and c. A.D. 14; 35 of the original 142 books survive.
(Loeb; Penguin)
Lucian, Alexander of Abonouteichos: Greek satirical account of alleged religious
quack, written after A.D. 180 (Loeb)
Lucretius, On the Nature of Things: poem expounding Epicurean philosophy,
middle of the first century B.C. (Loeb; Penguin)
Macrobius, Saturnalia; an antiquarian treatise, in dialogue form, on a wide range
of topics (though roughly half is devoted to discussion of Virgil), written in
Latin soon after A.D. 431 (P. V. Davies, New York 1969)
Marcus Aurelius, Communings with Himself: personal "jottings" for his own
spiritual improvement, composed in Greek between c. A.D. 170 and 180
(Loeb; Penguin)
Martyrdom ofS. Justin: Greek record of the trial proceedings (H. Musurillo, The
Acts of the Christian Martyrs, Oxford 1972)
Martyrdom ofSts Perpetua and Felicitas: Latin record of their imprisonment and
execution (H. Musurillo, The Acts of the Christian Martyrs, Oxford 1972)
Minucius Felix, Octavius: a debate between a non-Christian and a Christian on
the respective merits of Roman religion and Christianity, written in Latin
at Rome by a Christian in the first third of the third century A.D. (Loeb;
ACW; FC)
Mishnah: code of Jewish law, written in Hebrew, compiled c. A.D. 200 (H.
Danby, Oxford 1933)
Origen, Against Celsus: the Greek Christian theologian Origen set out in the late
240s A.D. to refute a Greek creatise by Celsus attacking Christianity written
c. A.D. 180; he preserves large portions of the original work (H. Chadwick,
Cambridge 1953)
Ovid, Fasti: Latin poem on the first six months of the Roman calendar,
composed by A.D. 8, but with alterations after A.D. 14 (Loeb)
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