1 Earliest Rome
1 Earliest Rome 1 Earliest Rome
13.9 Old and new cities of god See further: Vol. 1, 8, 151-3; P. Brown (1967) 299-329*; Markus (1970) 45-71. Other extracts from The City of God. 1.1a, 2.2c, 9.5d. Augustine, The City of God VI.5, including Varro frr. 7-10 (Cardauns) Then what is the meaning of Varro s division of theology, that is the systematic exegesis of the gods, into three types: mythical, physical and civil? 1 If Latin usage permitted, I would call his first type Tabular', but let me call it 'fabulous', since 'mythical' is derived from fables, 'mythos' being the Greek for fable. Let us call the second type 'natural', in accordance with customary usage
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S Let us now in any case investigate civil' theology too. 'The third type', he says, 'is that which citizens and especially priests in cities must know and put into practice. It tells us which gods are to be worshipped officially, and the rites and sacrifices appropriate to each.' We should pay particular attention to the following statement: 'The first type of theology most pertains to the theatre, the second to the world, the third to the city.' It is easy to see to which he gives first prize. Surely it is the second, which he said earlier was the preserve of philosophers. This he argues relates to the world, which is, in the opinion of philosophers, the most important of all things. As for the other two theologies, the first (of the theatre) and the third (of the city), has he distinguished between them or has he conflated them? We can recognize that what pertains to the city does not necessarily pertain to the world, although we recognize that cities are in the world, because potentially in a city false opinions can lead to the worship of, and belief in, beings which do not correspond to reality anywhere, in the world or outside it. But where is a theatre except in a city? Who established a theatre except a state? Why did it establish a theatre except for stage shows? Where do stage shows belong except classified in 'divine affairs', which are treated with such skill in this treatise
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S<br />
Let us now in any case investigate civil' theology too. 'The third type', he says, 'is that<br />
which citizens and especially priests in cities must know and put into practice. It tells us<br />
which gods are to be worshipped officially, and the rites and sacrifices appropriate to<br />
each.' We should pay particular attention to the following statement: 'The first type of<br />
theology most pertains to the theatre, the second to the world, the third to the city.' It is<br />
easy to see to which he gives first prize. Surely it is the second, which he said earlier was<br />
the preserve of philosophers. This he argues relates to the world, which is, in the opinion<br />
of philosophers, the most important of all things. As for the other two theologies, the<br />
first (of the theatre) and the third (of the city), has he distinguished between them or has<br />
he conflated them? We can recognize that what pertains to the city does not necessarily<br />
pertain to the world, although we recognize that cities are in the world, because<br />
potentially in a city false opinions can lead to the worship of, and belief in, beings which<br />
do not correspond to reality anywhere, in the world or outside it. But where is a theatre<br />
except in a city? Who established a theatre except a state? Why did it establish a theatre<br />
except for stage shows? Where do stage shows belong except classified in 'divine affairs',<br />
which are treated with such skill in this treatise