1 Earliest Rome

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Rusticus the prefect said: 'What sort of doctrines do you practise?' 12.7 The Christians Justin said: 'I have tried to get to know all doctrines, but I am an adherent of the true doctrines of the Christians, even though they may not please those who hold false beliefs.' Rusticus the prefect said: 'Are these the doctrines you favour?' Justin said: 'Yes, since I follow them on the basis of belief.' Rusticus the prefect said: 'What sort of belief?' Justin said: 'That which we piously hold concerning the god of the Christians, whom we hold to be the one creator from the beginning and maker of the whole world, and concerning the son of god, Jesus Christ, who has also been proclaimed by the prophets as one who was to come to the human race as herald of salvation and teacher of good learning. My words are trivial in comparison with his divinity, but I acknowledge the power of prophecy, because proclamation has been made of him whom I said just now was the son of god. For your information, the prophets from the beginning foretold his coming among humans.' (3) Rusticus the prefect said: 'Where do you meet?' Justin said: 'Where each chooses and can. Perhaps you think that we can all meet in the same place?' Rusticus the prefect said: 'Tell me, where do you meet, in what place?' Justin said: 'I have been living above the baths of Myrtinos during the whole of this my second visit to Rome. 2 1 do not know any meeting-place other than that. I would share with anyone who wanted to come to me the words of truth.' Rusticus said: 'So you are a Christian?' Justin said: 'Yes, I am a Christian.' (4) Rusticus the prefect said to Chariton: 'Chariton, are you too a Christian?' Chariton said: 'I am a Christian by god's command.' Rusticus the prefect turned to Charito and said: 'What do you say, Charito?' Charito said: 'I am a Christian by the gift of god.' Rusticus the prefect said to Euelpistos: 'And what are you?' Euelpistos said: T too am a Christian and share in the same hope.' Rusticus the prefect said to Hierax: Are you a Christian?' Hierax said: 'Yes, I am a Christian, worshipping the same god.' Rusticus the prefect said: 'Did Justin make you all Christians?' Hierax said: 'I have long been a Christian.' Paion stood up and said: 'I too am a Christian.' Rusticus said: 'Who taught you?' Paion said: 'I received it from my parents.' Euelpistos said: T listened gladly to Justin's teaching, but I received Christianity from my parents.' Rusticus said: 'Where are your parents?' Euelpistos said: 'In Cappadocia.' Rusticus the prefect spoke to Hierax: 'Where are your parents?' 345
1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S Hierax said: 'They are dead. It is a considerable time since I was dragged off from Phrygia.' 3 Rusticus the prefect said to Liberianos: 'You are not also a Christian, are you?' Liberianos said: 'I too am a devout Christian.' (5) The prefect spoke to Justin: 'If you are flogged and beheaded, do you believe that you will ascend to heaven?' Justin said: 'I have confidence in my powers of endurance, if I stand firm. I know that those who have lived well are assured the divine gift until the final conflagration.' Rusticus the prefect said: 'So you think that you will ascend?' Justin said: 'I don't just think, I am absolutely convinced of it.' Rusticus the prefect said: 'If you do not obey, you will be punished.' 4 Justin said: 'We pray that if we are punished, we shall be saved.' Rusticus the prefect passed judgement: 'Those who have refused to sacrifice to the gods are to be scourged and executed in accordance with the laws.' (6) The holy witnesses went out to the usual place glorifying god, and fulfilled their witness in their profession of our saviour, to whom is glory and power with the father and the holy spirit now and for ever. Amen. 1. Q. Junius Rusticus, prefect of the ciry from around A.D. 162 to 167. His opening ques tion may be askingjustin ifhe was a Christian, but it would allow Justin to reply that he was simply a philosopher. 2. The text is corrupt. Note that Justin, though an influential teacher, holds no ecclesiasti cal office; for the importance of such teachers and their study-circles, see P. Brown (1988) 103-21. 3. Hierax seems to have been sold into slavery. T 4. The longer versions include here a demand for Justin to sacrifice to the gods. 12.7f(iii) Monument of the martyrs in Rome. The tombs of the martyrs became an increasingly important focus for Christians. In the fourth century, churches were built on their sites (e.g. St Peter's in Rome: 4.15c-d; Vol. 1, 376-7, Map 4 no.6l), and the anniversaries of martyrdoms commemorated (3.6). In this passage Eusebius refers to a debate in the early third century A.D. in which the monuments of Peter and Paul were used to support the authority of the 'orthodox' church at Rome. See further: P. Brown (1981)*. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History II.25.5-7 So, this man
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
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3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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1 Earliest Rome

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