1 Earliest Rome

I EARLIEST ROME
literal truth of this claim, it is certain (from archaeological and other evidence)
that Rome fell under increasing Etruscan influence at the end of the regal period.
It is during this period that we notice for the first time the presence or the socalled
'Capitoline triad' of deities (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva), whose preeminence
almost entirely effaced the pre-Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Mars and
Quirinus (1.3).
See further: Vol. 1,3, 15-16, 39; Dumézil (1970) 283-310; Cornell (1996)
151-72*.
1.9a The Roman triumph
Pliny, Natural MistoryXXXUl.il 1-12
Verrius 1
The origin of the triumph celebrated by the victorious Roman general (5.8)
goes back to this final period of regal Rome - probably replacing as a victory
celebration the old dedication of spoils (1.3). In this passage Pliny refers to the
custom of painting the body (probably just the lace) of the triumphing general
with red paint, in the same way as the cult statue of Capitoline lupiter was
painted. This suggests a connection, albeit temporary, between the triumphing
general and the leading deity of the Capitoline triad.
See further: Vol. 1, 44-5; Gjerstad (1967); Versnel (1970) 59-60 and
78-84; Bonfante (1970)*; Scheie! (1986b) 221-30*.
lists authorities whom we must believe when they tell us that on festive days the
face of the statue of Jupiter himself was painted with red lead and likewise the body of
the triumphing general; that was how Camillus 2
had his triumph; according to this rule
even in those days