1 Earliest Rome

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12.6 The Jews 12.6d(iv) Jewish symbols. A tombstone from the Vigna Randanini catacomb (Vol. 1, Map 4 no.66) deploys a typical ränge of objects, ali probably associated with the cult in the temple at Jerusalem, though the temple had by now been destroyed by the Romans. Date, third to fourth Century? Height, 0.30 m.; width, 0.27 m. See further: 4.14b, Dura synagogue paintings; Goodenough (1952-68) IV; Leon (1960) 195-228. 1. Mcnorah, 7-branched cancilcstick (cf. Vol. 1, fig.5.3). 2. Shofar, ritual ram's Horn. 3. Lulab (on left and right), the brauch used at the Feast of Tabernacles. 4. Ethrog, a citrus fruit used at the same Feast. 5. Amphora, for wine? 6. Knife, for sacrifices? 7. Painted inscription with the name ofthe deceased, now illegible. 325
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 12.6e A Jewish community in Aphrodisias (perhaps early third century A.D.) This inscription from a city in the province of Asia (western Turkey) gives a unique vignette of a private Jewish association, devoted both to the Law and to prayer, which contributed money, perhaps for the building of a soup kitchen. The presence of, and distinction between, 'proselytes' and 'god-fearers' is important. 'Proselytes' were full converts to Judaism (marked either by ritual immersion alone, or also by circumcision); 'godfearers' were (it seems) gentiles who followed aspects of the Jewish Law and way of life. The text, in Greek, is inscribed on a stone pilaster, which perhaps originally stood beside a doorway. The translation of the first eight lines is very uncertain. Some words are rare or unique; in other cases it is unclear whether rhey should be read as part of the technical vocabulary of Palestinian Judaism or simply as 'ordinary' Greek usage. This difficulty of translation relates to the problem of how far Judaism showed wide local variation and how far its norms were determined by Palestinian practice. See further: Vol. 1, 275-6, 293; 11.8 for hostile views of proselytes; 12.6d(fi) for a tombstone of one; Schürer (1973-87) ill-1, 160-76; Reynolds and Tannenbaum (1987); Trebilco (1991)*. Reynolds and Tannenbaum (1987) 5-7 God our help, a [building?, gift?] for the dish.' The below-listed members of the association of lovers of learning who also wholly praise (?) erected for the relief of suffering in the community from their own resources this memorial : Jael the patron with his son Joshua the official; Theodotos Palatinos- with his son Hilarianos; Samuel leader of the association (?), a proselyte; Joseph son of Jesse; Benjamin the psalm%inger; Judas the good-natured; Joseph, a proselyte; Sabbatios son of Amachios; Emmonios, a god-fearer; Antoninos, a god-fearer; Samuel son of Politianos; Joseph son of Eusebios, a proselyte; and Judas son of Theodoras; and Antipeos son of Hermeas; and Sabathios the sweet; [and] Samuel the elder, priest. Samuel the elder, of Perge. 3 326 1. Interpreted by the editors as metaphorical for a soup kitchen, a charitable institution enjoined by contemporary texts from Palestine, but not otherwise attested at this date in Judaism elsewhere. 2. Possibly a former employee of the imperial court (on the Palatine hill at <strong>Rome</strong>). 3. A city on the south coast of modern Turkey.
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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1 Earliest Rome

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