1 Earliest Rome

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10.5c Honours for Julia Domna at Athens (late 190s A.D.) 10.5 Emperor-worship Julia Domna was the second wife of the Emperor Septimius Severus and was empress from his accession in A.D. 193 until his death in A.D. 21 l.This inscription records a decree of honours granted to her by the Athenians. She is given the title 'Saviour' - implying that the decree was in gratitude for some protection accorded to Athens. The surviving sections of the text are concerned particularly with honours that identify Julia Domna with the ancient protective goddess of Athens - Athena Polias; so her full title becomes 'The Saviour of Athens, Julia Sebaste
I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E 6. For these, see 10.3a, n, 5- 7. The arrepboroiwcre two sacred maidens who lived for a time near the ancient temple of Athena Polias, performed secret rites and were then replaced by a new pair (see Pausanias, 1.27.3). They represent the most ancient elements ol the cult of the goddess. See Parke (1977) 141-3; Simon (1983) 39-45. 8. The altar of the 'Sebastoi' (Latin: Augusti) was in honour of Roman emperors (and their immediate family) from Augustus onwards. 10.6 Outside reactions to the worship of the emperor Our knowledge of the worship comes almost exclusively from <strong>Rome</strong> and the cities participating in the cult; but occasionally we may have a glimpse of a different - even hostile - perspective. 10.6a A barbarian observer This passage offers an image of a barbarian reaction to the presence of an imperial prince and to the cult of the imperial family: it is, of course, a Roman image of that reaction. Velleius was no doubt concerned to suggest that even the German barbarians appreciated the nobility of his hero, Tiberius. The incident described took place during the campaigns rhat the future emperor Tiberius undertook on Augustus' behalf; Velleius accompanied him on these campaigns. Velleius Paterctilus, History of <strong>Rome</strong> II. 107 See further: Vol. 1, 352-3; Woodman (1977) 146-8. I cannot resist inserting a minor incident even into this narrative of great events. Our camp was on the nearer bank of the river I have just mentioned; 1 on the far bank there was a glittering array of the enemy's troops, but hastily retreating [at every movement of our ships]. 2 But one of the barbarians, a senior man in years, very tall, high-ranking as shown by his dress, embarked in a canoe - a hollowed out log, as is their custom - and steered his own course to the middle of the river. Then he asked if he could have permission to land in security on our bank, and to look at Caesar. 3 Permission was granted, so he beached his canoe and gazed at Caesar for a long time without speaking. Then he spoke: 'Our young men are crazy: they worship your divine power when you are absent; 4 but when you arrive they would rather go in terror of your arms than put themselves under your protection. But I, Caesar, by your kind permission, have seen the gods of whom I used once only to hear; nor have 1 ever hoped for or experienced a happier day in my life.' tie was given permission to touch Caesar's hand; and then he went back to his boat, and carried on ceaselessly gazing back at Caesar until he reached his own side's bank of the river. 1. The Elbe. 258 2. The text is corrupt and the sense uncertain.
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 2.3 The deif
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME spear, shiel
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME no substance
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'Pythian Apo
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME statue, but
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 46 1. A seac
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2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Livy, Histor
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1. THE DEITIES OF ROME 52 1. Antoni
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2. T H E D E I T I E S O E R O M E
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2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME V. Väänän
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3 The calendar 60 The official stat
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3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R G VINAL.
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R prevent ru
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R Degrassi (
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R and the a
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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4· R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 8
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstru
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RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
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A C E S come to venerate the apostl
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5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
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•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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eligio (proper religious observance
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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