1 Earliest Rome

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the order in which [the ?] of the annual famines [are held] 1 10.5 Emperor-worship [ . . . if he shall have performed for not fewer than] thirty [days], the same law, right and claims [shall apply to him] as to the flamen Augusti [under this law]. In which place the assembly [of the province shall meet] Those who assemble for the provincial assembly at Narbo [ . . . ] what is enacted when an assembly has been held, let that be lawful and valid[ . . .\' Concerning money [ . . ?] Whoever retires from the office flamen, from the money [remaining (?)... let him dedicate (?) statu]es or likenesses of Imperator Cae[sar 7 ... at the discretion of the pro] vincial governor within the same [period (?)... and offer proof that he has properly (?)] acted about these matters to the one who reckons the acc[ounts . . . ] [ ... In th]at temple as [ . . . ] 1. The details are lost, but the flamen is receiving high privileges in the city of Narbo, even though he might come from some other city in the province. 2. These privileges for the flamen s wire correspond closely to those of the Roman flamen\ wife. (AuJus Geilius, AiticNightsX.1 5.26-7; see 8.1b) 3- One difference between rhe original Roman famines and these in the provinces is that the Roman ones held office for life. 4. The right seems ro be subject to the emperor's approval; it may be that 'Caesar Vespasian Augustus' was named in the text. 5. Some regular duties of the flamen were to be performed in sequence-perhaps, the holding of meetings. 6. The meaning is lost here, but the clause illustrates the close connection between the flamen and the assembly of a province. 7. The word used {imago) implies a likeness of the living, so perhaps 'Vespasian Augustus again appeared in the missing text. 10.5 Emperor-worship in the provinces The most obvious presence of'Roman' religion in the provinces of the empire was the cult of the Roman emperor, in its various forms. Much of the surviving information about this cult comes from the East and takes the form of inscriptions detailing honorific decrees, regulations, donations and payments. The ritual performances are rarely described, bur it seems clear from the evidence that does survive that a rich variety of processions, festivals and celebrations in all parts of the empire brought <strong>Rome</strong> and the emperor into religious and civic life. Other texts concerning the cult of the emperor are given at 2.8b andc, 9.2, 9.3b, 10.4e. See further: Vol. 1, 348-63; Price (1984); Fishwick (1987- ). 253
I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E SEGxr.923.7-40 10.5a Festival regulations from Greece (c. A.D. 15) This Greek inscription from Gvthetim (near Sparta} records the regulations for celebrating various fesrivals of the imperial cult—to be conducted by a local magistrate, the agoranomos. It is striking how far the celebration of these imperial festivals is linked to the celebration of local benefactors of the traditional religious institutions of the city. See further: Rostovtzeff (1930); Price (1984) 210-11*; for images in the worship of the emperor, Price (1984) 170-206. [The agoranomos] shall celebrate the first day for the god Caesar Augustus, son of the god , our Saviour and Deliverer; the second day for the emperor [Ti]berius Caesar Augustus, father of the fatherland; the third day for Julia Augusta, the Fortune of our nation and city; the fourth day (of Victory) for Getmanicus Caesar; the fifth day (of Aphrodite) for Drusus Caesar; and the sixth day for Titus Quinctius Flamininus; 1 [the agoranomos] shall be responsible for the good order of the contestants. He shall render accounts to the city for all payments to the performers and for the administration of the sacred monies at the first assembly meeting after the contest. If he is found to have misappropriated funds or to have rendered false accounts, after conviction he shall be ineligible for public office and his possessions shall be confiscated. What is confiscated shall be sacred property and used by the annual archontes to provide for the decoration [of the city . . . ] Following on the days for the gods and rulers, the agoranomos shall introduce thymellc games 2 for two more days, one to the memory of Gains Julius Eurycles, many times benefactor of our nation and city, and a second day in honour of Gaius Julius Laco, 3 protector of the security of our nation and city. The games of the goddess he shall celebrate on whatever days he can; and when he leaves the office, the city shall hand over, with written record, to his successor all the sacrificial victims for the games and obtain a handwritten receipt for them. When the agoranomos is holding the thymelic games, 2 he shall conduct a procession from the temple of Asklepios and Health, including the ephebes, 4 the young men and the other citizens, wearing bay-leaf garlands and white clothes. Also in the procession will be the sacred maidens and the women in sacred clothes. When the procession reaches the Caesareion, 5 the ephors 6 shall sacrifice a bull on behalf of the safety of our rulers and gods and the eternal continuance of their rule. After their own sacrifice, they will bid the common messes 7 and the magistrates to sacrifice in the agora . If they fail to hold the procession, or fail to sacrifice, or after sacrificing fail to make the messes and magistrates sacrifice in the agora, they shall pay two thousand sacred drachmae to the gods. Any willing citizen of Gytheum may accuse them. During the office of Chairon as strategos and as priest of the god Augustus Caesar, the ephors/' the colleagues of Terenritis Biadcs, shall deliver three painted images 254
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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eligio (proper religious observance
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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