1 Earliest Rome

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Pliny, Letters X.49 10.4d(i) Moving a temple 10.4 Roman religious authority See further: Vol. I, 320-21; Sherwin-White (1966) 631-2; Veyne (1967) 745-6. Before I arrived, lord, the people of Nicomedia had started to add a new forum to their old one; in one corner is a very old temple of Magna Mater, which must either be rebuilt or moved to another position, chiefly because it is far below the level of the new constructions, which rise to a great height. I asked whether there was any special law of the temple 1 and discovered that their traditional procedure for dedication is quite different from ours. So give a ruling, lord, as to whether it is possible in your view to transfer a temple for which there is no special law, without committing a religious offence; unless there is some religious obstacle, it would in other respects be more convenient to do so. Trajan in Pliny, LettersX.50 1. For the 'taw' of a temple in <strong>Rome</strong>, see 10.1. 10.4d(h) Trajan's reply You can, my dear Pliny, transfer the temple of Magna Mater to a more appropriate location, if the situation seems to require it, without any anxiety about the religious issue. It need cause you no concern if a special dedication law is not forthcoming, since the soil of a foreign state is incapable of receiving dedication, which takes place by our law. Pliny, LettersX.68 10.4d(iii) Burial rules See further: 8.3; Sherwin-White (1966) 655-6. Certain people have requested that I should give permission, following the precedent of earlier proconsuls, for them to move the mortal remains of their family members, either because of damage caused by the passage of time or because of river floods or other similar accidents. I thought it best to ask your advice as pontifex maximus'' on the best practice, for I am aware that in our city it is the custom to consult the college of pontifices'm cases such as these. Trajan in Pliny, LettersX.69 1. Burial law was one of the special responsibilities of the pontifices in <strong>Rome</strong> and from Augustus onwards the emperor himself was always pontifex maximus (8.5b). 10.4d(iv) Rules remitted It is hard to impose on provincials the obligation of consulting the pontifices if they wish to transfer the remains of their relations from one place to another for any good reasons. 1 1. Pliny's letter had not, in fact, suggested that the college should be consulted; he had only asked Trajan's advice on procedure. 251
I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E 10.4e Lex Narbonensis, on theflaminate (reign of Vespasian) 7156964; C/ixu.6038 This text was inscribed on a bronze tablet, found near the amphitheatre at Narbonne, in an area probably devoted to the provincial cult of the emperor in Narbonese Gaul. Only fragments of thirty lines of the text survive, dealing with regulations for the priest of the provincial cult, the fame?/ (honours for the current and past flamen; the accountability of the xctw'mg flamen etc.). It is clear that the priest's position, and that of his wife, were partly modelled on the privileges and duties of the Roman flamen Dialis (the priest of Jupiter; see 8.1b; 8.2d) and of his wife the flaminica. The inscription probably dates to A.D. 69-79, when (as other evidence suggests) the provincial cult of Narbonese Gaul began. It is not certain whether the full text of this law dealt with that cult generally, or oufy with the regulations for the priesthood. See further: Vol. 1, 357; Weinstock (1971) 408-9; C. H. Williamson (1987), with translation and full bibliography; Fishwick (1987- ) II. 1.478-9, 579-80; on the role of the emperor Vespasian, Fishwick (1978) 1219-30. [Concerning the honours of the man who will be the flamen\ [ ... at Na]rbo[ ... J [. . . ] the lictores[ ...][...] and law of that province[ . . . ] [ . . . ] among the town-councillors or senate[. . . ] [ . . . among the town-councillors or s]enators, in the first row, to watch [the games let him have the right] 5 [ . . . the wife of the fl\amen clad in white or purple garments[. . . ] [ . . . ] nor let her take an oath against her will nor touch a dead body[ . . . ] [. . . ]of a cremated man; and let her at public games [. . . ] 2 Concerning the honours of the ex-flamen 3 [... if the ex-flamen] has done nothing contrary to this law, let the flamen [see to it that. . . ] [ ... by ballot] they should decide on oath whether the ex-flamen should be allowed [to place a statue . . . ] [ . . . should have the right of] placing a statue and the name of his father, his origin and the year of his flaminatef . . . ] [ ... at Narjbo let there be the right of p[lacing the statue within the temple area, unless the emperor [ . . . ] 4 [ . . . And let him] have the right in the local council and in the provincial council of Narbonensis amongst the men of his rank according to the law [. . . ] let there be the right of giving an opinion and voting; likewise at the public show in the province [...Jin the togapraetexta and on those days on which he sacrificed as flamen in that dress [ . . . ] If the flamen ceases to be a Roman citizen If the flamen ceases to be a citizen and no substitute has been appointed, then whoever [ . . . ] within three days from the time of being informed and being able , let him perform the sacred rites at Narbo [ . . . for the rest] of the year let him hold [the ?] in 252
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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A C E S come to venerate the apostl
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5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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eligio (proper religious observance
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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