1 Earliest Rome

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ILS4037; CILx.6, 422 10.4 Roman religious authority By the authority of the emperor, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus, Parthictis Maximus, Britannicus Maximus, pontifex maximus , and by the decree of the college of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis, Servius Calpurnius Domitius Dexter the pro-master 1 has restored the altar of the most holy Circe. The dedication was carried out on the 17th day before the Kalends of July
1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E master of the College, on the 16th day before the Kalends of September in the consulship of Marcus Umbrius Primus and Titus Flavius Coelianus :'' }. Magistrates of Cumae. 2. She is called 'Mother Goddess of Baiae' in the Cumaean document; Mother of the Gods, that is Magna Mater, in the reply of the quinderimviri, who presumably recognized, but did not themselves use, the local name. 3. For these decorations, see also 6.7b. 4. These two were consuls elected for the second part of the same calendar year as the first pair mentioned. 10.4c Religious law in the provinces (second century A.D.) Gaius, Institutes II. 1-11 The Roman jurist Gaius, in discussing the definition of the 'sacred' and the 'religious' draws a clear disrinction between Roman and provincial territory. See furrher: Vol. 1, 320-1; Fugier (1963) 131; Watson (1992) 55-7*. The first division of things is into two classes; for some are subject to divine law , some to human law. Within divine law some things are sacred, some religious. Things sacred are those consecrated to the gods above; things religious are those devoted to the gods below. Nothing can become sacred except by the authority of the Roman People, which can result either through the passing of a law or through a decree of the senate. On the other hand, things can become religious by our own act of will when we bury the dead in our own ground, provided that the particular burial is our own business. On the soil of the provinces, however, since individuals can only have possession or usufruct but not full dominion, 1 which belongs only to the people of <strong>Rome</strong> or to the emperor, the ground can never become properly religious but only quasi-religious. In the same way in the provinces, ground that has not been consecrated by authority of the Roman People is not properly sacred but quasi-sacred. 250 1. Individuals in the provinces can never have full dominion, only qualified forms of own ership; it follows that by burying their dead they cannot make the ground 'religious'. 10.4d Pliny and Trajan on points of religious law Pliny the Younger was sent to Pontus-Bithynia (modern norrh-west Turkey) as Governor probably in A.D. 110; his correspondence with the Emperor Trajan from the years of his governorship is preserved among his published Letters. These two exchanges of letters concern points of religious law as they affected the lives of provincials. In broad terms, they support Gaius' views in 10.4c; though Trajan's assumption in 10.4d(iv) seems to be that, on the one hand, the pontifical law could in theory be applicable, while, on rhe other, it would be 'hard' on the provincials to apply it in actual cases.
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 2.3 The deif
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'schools' of
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME spear, shiel
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME no substance
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2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Livy, Histor
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1. THE DEITIES OF ROME 52 1. Antoni
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2. T H E D E I T I E S O E R O M E
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2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME V. Väänän
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3 The calendar 60 The official stat
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3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R G VINAL.
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R prevent ru
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R and the a
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3. T H E C A L E N D A R Ides of A
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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4· R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 8
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstru
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 84
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RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 106 1. Richly
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A C E S come to venerate the apostl
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5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
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5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Livy, H
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•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
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5- F E S T I V A L S A M D C E R E
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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6. . S A C R I F I C E S 8. Addenda
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6. S A C R I F I C E S 6.3c The exp
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6. S A C R I F I C E S not be vowed
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6. S A C R I F I C E S same number
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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7 D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I
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8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S Let us
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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eligio (proper religious observance
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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