1 Earliest Rome

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1.5 Rome and the Latins 6. In Roman religion rices of lustration were a regular ceremony of purification. 7. These are piactilar sacrifices, see 1.3 n. 4. 1.5 Rome and the Latins Early Rome had even closer religious links with her more immediate neighbours, the states who formed the 'Latin league'. These links are known to us (a) through myths implying that the foundation of Rome was linked with those of the nearby towns of Alba and Lavinium (Aeneas was said to have founded Lavinium, his son lulus. Alba Longa, and their descendant Romulus, Rome itself; there was also a common mythical ancestor of the Latin peoples - King Latinos); (b) through the survival, into the late republican period and beyond, of religious rituals held in common between Rome and various Latin towns (such as the great festivals of all the Latins (Feriae Latinae) or the ceremonials carried out each year by the Roman consuls at Lavinium); and (c) through archaeological evidence (see below 1.5b for Lavinium). The Latins seem to have met - for religious as well as political or military reasons - at various sanctuaries, located outside different towns of the League (see 1.5a; 1.5b(ii); 1.5c; 1.5d). It is generally assumed (by both modern and ancient writers - see, for example, 1.5d) that the different location of these sanctuaries is to be seen as evidence that different states became leaders of the League at different points of history; but it may be, more simply, that the League (or some members of it) met at different places for different festivals. See further: Cornell (1989) 264-74*; Cornell (1996) 48-60, 70-5, 105-13*; Ampolo (1993); for Latin cults in the imperial period, Vol. 1, 323-4. 1.5a Alba Longa Alba Longa, founded according to Roman tradition by the son of Aeneas, was said to have been destroyed by the Romans under King Tullus, the third king of Rome (reigning, according to tradition, 673-642 B.C.). Its whereabouts is not known, but the sacrifice on the so-called 'Alban' Mount (now Monte Cavo) mentioned by Pliny in this passage continued into later rimes. Pliny's main point is to show how many once-flourishing cities had disappeared by his day (first century A.D.); but his list has been used by modern scholars to argue for an ancient 'Alban' League (centred on Alba Longa), which would have existed before the later 'Latin League known to us in the filth-fourth centuries. See further: Vol. 1. Map 5; Alfoldi (1965) 19-25, 236-46; for the membership lists, R. E. A. Palmer (1970) 10-14; Sherwin-White (1973) 7-15; Cornell (1989) 264-6*. 11
I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural History III. 69-70 . . . and together with these, 1 the following were included among the 'Alban peoples', who were once accustomed to accept the sacrificial meat on the Alban Mount: 2 Albani; Aesolani; Accienses; Abolani; Bubetani . Thus of the peoples of ancient Latium, fifty-three peoples have disappeared leaving no trace. 1. Before this excerpt, Pliny has quoted some better-known names; the list of names from 'Albani' onwards was evidently as unfamiliar to him as it is to us. 2. The sacrifice and the sharing of the meat must have been a symbolic expression of the 1.5b Lavinium community diat shared in the festival, but did not necessarily imply any political unity. Unlike Alba Longa, the site of Lavinium is firmly identified (at modern Practica di Mare, 30 km. south of Rome). Excavations on the site have enabled scholars to link the mythical tradition of its foundation with the surviving remains. See further: Vol. 1, 12, 13; Vol. 1, Map 5; Galinsky (1969) 141-90; Castagnoli (1972); Momigliano (1989) 59-61, 69-70. 1.5b(i) Aeneas' arrival in Italy Lavinium was believed to have been founded by Aeneas when he landed in Italy. He was led there by a sow that bore thirty piglets (see Virgil, Aeneid III.389-93; Vin.81-5; also, 4.3c), standing, it was sometimes said, for thirty member cities of the Latin League. The tradition followed by Dionysius, how ever, is that thirty was the number of years that would pass before the found ing of a better city, Alba Longa, by Aeneas' son lulus. See further: Alfoldi (1965) 271-8*; Enca ml Lazio (1981) 157-62; Dury- Moyaers (1981); Dubourdieu (1989) 161-217. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1.57'.1 Aeneas sacrificed the sow with her young to his ancestral gods' on the spot where now stands the hut which the Lavinians hold sacred and make inaccessible to others. Then after commanding the Trojans to shift their camp to the hill, he placed the images of the gods in the best part of it and immediately made preparations for the building of the city with the greatest enthusiasm. 12 1. The Penates, the household gods, that he had brought with him from Troy. 1.5b(ii) The Altars at Lavinium Excavations at the site of Lavinium in the 1950s and 60s revealed a row of thir teen imposing altars, stretching 50m. which would have stood in a great open sanctuary, outside the town. The earliest of these altars date back to the sixth century B.C. Not far away was a burial mound, which (at the end of the fourth century) was remodelled as a kind of shrine. This was probably the shrine,
Page 2: VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements We would like to e
Page 7 and 8: Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
Page 9 and 10: Preface xii the religion of early R
Page 11 and 12: Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
Page 13 and 14: I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
Page 15 and 16: 1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
Page 17 and 18: I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
Page 19 and 20: T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
Page 21: I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
Page 25 and 26: I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
Page 27 and 28: I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
Page 29 and 30: I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
Page 31 and 32: I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
Page 33 and 34: I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
Page 35 and 36: I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
Page 37 and 38: 2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
Page 39 and 40: 28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
Page 41 and 42: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
Page 43 and 44: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
Page 45 and 46: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 2.3 The deif
Page 47 and 48: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'schools' of
Page 49 and 50: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME spear, shiel
Page 51 and 52: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME no substance
Page 53 and 54: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'Pythian Apo
Page 55 and 56: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME statue, but
Page 57 and 58: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 46 1. A seac
Page 59 and 60: 2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna
Page 61 and 62: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Livy, Histor
Page 63 and 64: 1. THE DEITIES OF ROME 52 1. Antoni
Page 65 and 66: 2. T H E D E I T I E S O E R O M E
Page 67 and 68: 2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
Page 69 and 70: 2. THE DEITIES OF ROME V. Väänän
Page 71 and 72: 3 The calendar 60 The official stat
Page 73 and 74:
3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
Page 75 and 76:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R G VINAL.
Page 77 and 78:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R prevent ru
Page 79 and 80:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R Degrassi (
Page 81 and 82:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R 3.4 A cale
Page 83 and 84:
3. T H E C A L E N D A R ] privileg
Page 85 and 86:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R and the a
Page 87 and 88:
3. T H E C A L E N D A R Ides of A
Page 89 and 90:
4 Religious places 78 This chapter
Page 91 and 92:
4· R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 8
Page 93 and 94:
4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstru
Page 95 and 96:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 84
Page 97 and 98:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 4.
Page 99 and 100:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
Page 101 and 102:
4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 3-
Page 103 and 104:
4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S Si
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 96
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
Page 115 and 116:
RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
Page 117 and 118:
4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 106 1. Richly
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
A C E S come to venerate the apostl
Page 127 and 128:
5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
Page 129 and 130:
5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
S- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Livy, H
Page 143 and 144:
5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Servius
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 155 and 156:
5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 157 and 158:
5- F E S T I V A L S A M D C E R E
Page 159 and 160:
6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
Page 161 and 162:
6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
Page 163 and 164:
6. . S A C R I F I C E S 8. Addenda
Page 165 and 166:
6. S A C R I F I C E S 6.3c The exp
Page 167 and 168:
6. S A C R I F I C E S not be vowed
Page 169 and 170:
6. S A C R I F I C E S than human,
Page 171 and 172:
6. S A C R I F I C E S Augustan His
Page 173 and 174:
6. S A C R I F I C E S lap in perso
Page 175 and 176:
6. S A C R I F I C E S same number
Page 177 and 178:
7 Divination and diviners 166 This
Page 179 and 180:
7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
Page 181 and 182:
7 D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I
Page 183 and 184:
J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
J, D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I N
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
Page 207 and 208:
8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
S. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
9 Individuals and gods: life and de
Page 229 and 230:
9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
O.. I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
IO. ROME OUTSIDE ROME 244 4. Milita
Page 257 and 258:
1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 259 and 260:
10. R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E A
Page 261 and 262:
1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
11 Threats to the Roman order 260 R
Page 273 and 274:
I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
IT. T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M A
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
12 Religious groups 288 As Roman re
Page 301 and 302:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S A
Page 303 and 304:
1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
Page 305 and 306:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S s
Page 307 and 308:
12. RELIGIOUS GROUPS Patron Suaerri
Page 309 and 310:
12. R E U G I O U S G R O U P S I a
Page 311 and 312:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
Page 313 and 314:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
Page 315 and 316:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S t
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 5
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
Page 327 and 328:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S G
Page 329 and 330:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S L
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O L I P S
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S (
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S T
Page 345 and 346:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S S
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S G
Page 351 and 352:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
Page 353 and 354:
12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S T
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
Page 361 and 362:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S IGRiv.1
Page 363 and 364:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.2a A
Page 365 and 366:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S accordi
Page 367 and 368:
13. P E R S P E C T I V E S drenche
Page 369 and 370:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.5 d
Page 371 and 372:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.7 A
Page 373 and 374:
13. P E R S P E C T I V E S Christ
Page 375 and 376:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S Let us
Page 377 and 378:
decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
Page 379 and 380:
eligio (proper religious observance
Page 381 and 382:
Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
Page 383 and 384:
Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
Page 385 and 386:
Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
Page 387 and 388:
Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
Page 389 and 390:
Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
Page 391 and 392:
Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
Page 393 and 394:
Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
Page 395 and 396:
Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
Page 397 and 398:
Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
Page 399 and 400:
Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
Page 401 and 402:
Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
Page 403 and 404:
Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
Page 405 and 406:
Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
Page 407 and 408:
(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
Page 409 and 410:
Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
Page 411 and 412:
Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
Page 413 and 414:
Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
Page 415 and 416:
Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
Page 417 and 418:
Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
Page 419 and 420:
CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
Page 421 and 422:
General index References are to tex
Page 423 and 424:
General index Dioscuri, see Castor
Page 425 and 426:
General index festivals, sacrifices
Page 427:
General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
show all

1 Earliest Rome

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?