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Conventions and abbreviations Conventions In che translations we have used the following conventions: ( ) are used to enclose the author's own parenthetical statements [ ] indicate words that are missing in the original text < > indicate words that we have added for clarity (e.g. dates) * in the suggestions for further reading indicates a good starting-point in English (see further, Preface) ltalicsh.-a.ve been used for Latin or Greek words, which are explained either where they occur or in the glossary at the end of this volume Figures in bold type (e.g. 1.4b) refer to other texts within this volume Abbreviations With the exception of the following works, we have used a fairly full form of abbreviation; any doubts about the exact form of periodical titles will be solved with reference to L'année philologique. , AE L'année êpigraphique (Paris, 1888- ). ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, edd. H. Temporinî and W. Haase (Berlin, 1972-). CIJ Corpus Inscriptionurn Judaicarum, ed. J.-B. Frey (Vatican, 1936-52). Vol. I repr. with addenda by B. Lifshitz as Corpus of Jewish Inscriptions (New York, 1975). CIL Corpus Inscriptionurn Latinarum (Berlin, 1863— ). CIMRM Corpus Inscriptionurn et Monumentorum Religionis Mithrae, ed. M. J. Vermascren (Leiden, 1956). CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. CTh Codex Theodosianus (Berlin, 1905). EPRO Etudes préliminaires sur les religions orientales dans l'empire romain (Leiden, 1961-). FIRA Fragmenta Iuris Romani Anteîustinianî, edd. S. Riccobono et al., 2nd edn (Florence, 1968). 1CUR Inscriptiones Christianae Urbïs Romae (Rome, 1857). IG Inscriptiones Graecae (Berlin, 1873— ). IGUR Inscriptiones Graecae Urbis Romae, ed. L. Moretti (Rome, 1968-).
Conventions and abbreviations XIV ILCV Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres, ed. E. Diehl (Berlin, 1925-31). ILLRP Inscriptiones Latinae Liberae Reipublicae, ed. A. Degrassi (Florence, 1957-63). ILS Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, ed. H. Dessau (Berlin, 1892—1916). Inschrif. Kyme Die Inschriften von Kyme, ed. H. Engelmann (Bonn, 1976). J RS Journal ofRoman Studies. MEFRA Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome: Antiquité. RE Paidys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, edd. G. Wissowa, E. Kroll et al. (Berlin, 1893- ). RIB The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, edd. R. G. Collingwood and R. P. Wright (Oxford, 1965). ROL Remains of Old Latin, ed. E.H. Warmington (Loeb Classical Library) (Cambridge, MA and London, 1935-46). Sylloge^ Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum, ed. W. Dittenberger, 3rd edn. (Leipzig, 1915-24). Vidman, Sylloge L. Vidman, Sylloge inscriptionum religionis Isiacae et Sarapiacae (Berlin, 1969). ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik.
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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
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Preface xii the religion of early R
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I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
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1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
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I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
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T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
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I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
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I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
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I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
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I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
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I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
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I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
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I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
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I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
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2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
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28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 2.3 The deif
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'schools' of
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME spear, shiel
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME no substance
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'Pythian Apo
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME statue, but
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 46 1. A seac
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2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Livy, Histor
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1. THE DEITIES OF ROME 52 1. Antoni
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2. T H E D E I T I E S O E R O M E
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2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
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2. THE DEITIES OF ROME V. Väänän
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3 The calendar 60 The official stat
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3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R G VINAL.
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R prevent ru
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R Degrassi (
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R 3.4 A cale
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3. T H E C A L E N D A R ] privileg
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3- T H E C A L E N D A R and the a
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3. T H E C A L E N D A R Ides of A
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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4· R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 8
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstru
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 84
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 4.
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
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4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 3-
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4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S Si
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 4.
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 10
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
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RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
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4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 106 1. Richly
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 10
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 11
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4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 4.
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A C E S come to venerate the apostl
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5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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S- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Livy, H
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5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Servius
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
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5- F E S T I V A L S A M D C E R E
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
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6. . S A C R I F I C E S 8. Addenda
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6. S A C R I F I C E S 6.3c The exp
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6. S A C R I F I C E S not be vowed
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6. S A C R I F I C E S than human,
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6. S A C R I F I C E S Augustan His
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6. S A C R I F I C E S lap in perso
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6. S A C R I F I C E S same number
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7 D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I
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J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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J, D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I N
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J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
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8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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S. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
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9 Individuals and gods: life and de
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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O.. I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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IO. ROME OUTSIDE ROME 244 4. Milita
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1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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10. R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E A
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1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
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11 Threats to the Roman order 260 R
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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IT. T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M A
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
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12 Religious groups 288 As Roman re
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S A
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1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S s
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12. RELIGIOUS GROUPS Patron Suaerri
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12. R E U G I O U S G R O U P S I a
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S t
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1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 5
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 3
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 2
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S G
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S L
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 1
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 1
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O L I P S
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 1
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S (
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 1
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S T
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S S
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 1
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S G
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
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12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S T
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1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
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1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S IGRiv.1
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.2a A
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S accordi
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13. P E R S P E C T I V E S drenche
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.5 d
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.7 A
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13. P E R S P E C T I V E S Christ
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13- P E R S P E C T I V E S Let us
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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eligio (proper religious observance
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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