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58 THE EXPLORATION OF THE CAUCASUS
the chain in many places.
I do not propose to delay my readers
with a catalogue. Some of the — glacier-passes like the St. Theodule
and Col de Collon in the Middle Ages — are recognised routes for
the passage of cattle and even occasionally, and under favourable
circumstances, of beasts of burden ;
others are used only by hunters
or refugees. The more frequented passes, counting from west to
east, are the Jiper, 10,717 feet; the Dongusorun, 10,493; the
Betsho Pass, 11,474; the Tuiber, 11,764; the Karaul Passes,
11,679 and 11, '270; and the Gurdzivsek, 10,976. Between the
Mamison and the Krestovaya Gora the Bakh-fandak Pass, 9569
feet, seems to be that in most general use. Professor Hahn states
that the Roki Pass, 1)814 feet, which lies slightly more to the
east, has been selected and surveyed as the future route of the
long-projected Caucasian Railway. Both these passes lead from
the basin of the Liakhva into that of the Ardon.