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CHAPTER IX THE PATHS TO SUANETIA Die ganze Majestat des wundersaineii Kaukasus findet in Hochsuanieii ihre Spitze, und Niemand wage zu sagen, Er kenne den Kaukasus, wer jene hehren Eegionen nicht betrat. ABICH. N many of the following chapters my readers' attention will be kept steadily directed to the very heart of the Caucasus, the cluster of superb sum- mits which forms the true centre of the chain. We shall live in camps near the snow-level, or lodge in holes of the rocks beside ' The firths of ice That huddhng slant in furrow-cloven falls To roll the torrent out of dusky doors.' But for the present we may turn to a region of wider horizons and softer landscapes, to the forests and flowers of the Asian slope. We must direct our steps to that unique district, which combines all the most characteristic splendours of the Caucasus— Suanetia. The mountaineer need not bid farewell to his mountains and glaciers ; he will find himself still at their very feet. But the landscape -lover may rejoice with me to escape for a season from between the monstrous walls which seem to shut off' the sources of the Cherek from the habitable world, from under the roof of trailing mists that too often hang for days obdurately across the narrow span of sky left between the mountains that overshadow 182

THE PATHS TO SUANETIA 183 the burrows the TauH shepherds call tlieir homes. From the treeless downs and impending ridges of Balkar and Bezingi we shall pass into a country of comparatively open valleys, whei*e the villages are not sordid hurrows but clusters of rustic castles, and the native sledge-paths wander amidst woods and copses and natm-al (lower- gardens ; where, beneath the icy precipices of the great chain, the lower hills spread out in gentle horizontal curves ; where distance succeeds distance in soft gradations of blue and purple, wliere the atmosphei'e is full of moisture, and sunlit armies of clouds roll up and disappear with a frequency which delights the eyes, if it sometimes defeats the best-laid schemes of the mountaineer. The poet Tennyson would sometimes describe to the companions of his walks on the Downs of Freshwater a landscape he had seen in dreams, in which, from a mountain range loftier than any on this Earth, lofty as the great l)anks of clouds that are piled up in summer skies, the pale rivers of ice streamed down into valleys where the vines ran riot in the forests and the torrents flashed seawards amidst flowers of the wildest luxuriance. There is little or nothing in the Alps to suggest or realise this poet's dream. The utmost luxuriance that is attained in any close proximity to the glaciers is where the pines and sycamores of Rosenlaui frame the peaks of the Wetterhorner, or the Glacier des Bossons raises its milky spires among the cornfields and cottages of the Chamonix valley. The chestnuts of Val Anzasca are divided by many miles of rock, pines, and pasture from the snows of Monte Rosa. Mr. lluskin, indeed, once went so far as to suggest that the Maker of the Uni- verse benevolently inserted a waste zone between the snows and the habitable world, in order to secure mankind from the dangers of living too immediately under structures in the dangerous state of decay of most of the great ranges. Suanetians, it would seem to follow, were not held worthy of any such divine protection. But let us not endeavour to discover the designs of Providence. It is enough for us that we are about to penetrate a region where that close union of sublimity with softness, of sky-piercing snows with vast fields of flowers and luxuriant forest scenery, which in the Alps is an unattainable ideal, is found as an every-day reality.

THE PATHS TO SUANETIA 183<br />

the burrows the TauH shepherds call tlieir homes. From the treeless<br />

downs and impending ridges of Balkar and Bezingi we shall pass<br />

into a country of comparatively open valleys, whei*e the villages are<br />

not sordid hurrows but clusters of rustic castles, and the native<br />

sledge-paths wander amidst woods and copses<br />

and natm-al (lower-<br />

gardens ; where, beneath the icy precipices<br />

of the great chain, the<br />

lower hills spread out in gentle horizontal curves ; where distance<br />

succeeds distance in soft gradations of blue and purple, wliere the<br />

atmosphei'e is full of moisture, and sunlit armies of clouds roll<br />

up and disappear with a frequency which delights the eyes, if<br />

it sometimes defeats the best-laid schemes of the mountaineer.<br />

The poet Tennyson would sometimes describe to the companions<br />

of his walks on the Downs of Freshwater a landscape he had<br />

seen in dreams, in which, from a mountain range loftier than any on<br />

this Earth, lofty as the great l)anks of clouds that are piled up<br />

in summer skies, the pale rivers of ice streamed down into valleys<br />

where the vines ran riot in the forests and the torrents flashed<br />

seawards amidst flowers of the wildest luxuriance. There is little<br />

or nothing in the Alps to suggest or realise this poet's dream. The<br />

utmost luxuriance that is attained in any close proximity to the<br />

glaciers is where the pines and sycamores<br />

of Rosenlaui frame the<br />

peaks of the Wetterhorner, or the Glacier des Bossons raises its milky<br />

spires among the cornfields and cottages of the Chamonix valley.<br />

The chestnuts of Val Anzasca are divided by many miles of rock,<br />

pines, and pasture from the snows of Monte Rosa. Mr. lluskin,<br />

indeed, once went so far as to suggest that the Maker of the Uni-<br />

verse benevolently inserted a waste zone between the snows and<br />

the habitable world, in order to secure mankind from the dangers<br />

of living too immediately under structures in the dangerous state<br />

of decay of most of the great ranges. Suanetians,<br />

it would seem<br />

to follow, were not held worthy of any such divine protection.<br />

But<br />

let us not endeavour to discover the designs of Providence. It is<br />

enough for us that we are about to penetrate a region where that<br />

close union of sublimity with softness, of sky-piercing snows with<br />

vast fields of flowers and luxuriant forest scenery, which in the<br />

Alps is an unattainable ideal, is found as an every-day reality.

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