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34 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. misnomer, as super-octave implies 2 ft. not 4 ft. pitch. A real Super- octave Coupler, Choir Super-octave (two octaves above) to Pedal was fitted to the organ at Trinity College, Cambridge, as early as 1836, at the suggestion of Dr. Walmisley, who desired to provide for pedal melodic effects. At the same time, if Super-octave be wrong, then Sub-octave is also wrong, for it would imply unison pitch. It would be less confusing to adopt the style, Sub-unison and Super-unison, or simply "Sub" and " Super." (c) Double Touch Coupler, coming into operation only when the key is depressed beyond a certain distance. Patented in mechanical form by Stidolph, of Ipswich, in 1859, used in pneumatic form by Mr. Wedlake in 1862, and more recently in electric form by Mr. Hope- Jones (see Double Touch), (d) "Unison Off" Coupler. This was invented in the form of a movement giving "octaves only " by Mr. Casson, being first used by him at Omagh, Ireland (1898). The "Unison Off" Coupler has been used by Walker (St. Margaret, Westminster ; York Min- ster), Forster & Andrews, Hunter, Keates, Compton, and possibly by other builders. It is a device for silencing unison action. With Sub-octave and Octave Couplers drawn, a given chord will sound in three pitches sub-unison, unison and super-unison. On drawing the "Unison off" Coupler the middle of the chord is removed, and super-unison and sub- unison pitches only remain. Very curious and interesting possibilities are thus placed at the disposal of the player. The Swell Oboe 8 ft. or Gamba 8 ft. may be most effectively coupled to the Great organ Hohlflote in sub-unison pitch only, or the Solo Bassoon 16 ft. and Harmonic Flute 8 ft. in super-unison pitch only. That the distinctive effect is at once lost if unison pitch be added, practical experiment will readily demonstrate. In some organs, more particularly in America, the unison action is made to draw as a separate coupler. It is, however, preferable to assume the normal operation of the unison action, for the provision of a negative "unison off " action, for special use, is no constant tax on the organist's memory, as is the case with the contrary arrangement. So much for the different varieties of couplers. In 1881 Mr. Casson introduced the practice of grouping all couplers as stops of the division, the power or the resources of which they augment. Thus the Great to Pedal will be grouped with the Pedal organ, the Swell to Great with the Great organ, the Swell Octave Coupler and the Swell "Unison off" with the Swell organ, and so forth. The practice has since been adopted by several other builders, notably by the late Mr. Henry Willis at St. Paul's Cathedral (1901). (See also Octave Coupler). (2) For "Coupler," in the sense of Coupling Flute, see Coppel. Coupling' Flute—See Coppel. Courcellina—8 ft. See Bell Diapason. —
DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Courtel—Courtal; Courtand. (Fr.) Court = short, Courtand = thick-set. The instrument was a short Bassoon. Courtel was an ancient name for Bassoon. " I knew him by his hoarse voice, which sounded like the lowest note of a double courtel."—(Tom Brown, Works, ed. 1760, ii., 182). The Courtel was one of the stops which Harris challenged Smith to make within a certain specified time for the Temple organ. The name has been used by Mr. Casson. Cremona-See Clarinet. CUBE—See Pyramidon. Cuckoo—Cuculus, Cukuk, Gukuk, Cuckguck. An arrangement whereby the cuckoo was imitated by pipes speaking an interval between a major and a minor third apart. An example is still extant at the Monastic Church, Weingarten (Gabler, 1750), though when the author heard this instrument the Cuckoo was "on strike." St. Catherine, Magdeburg ; Sondershausen ; St. Gotthard, Hildesheim. Cuspida-^See Flauta Cuspida. Cylinderquint—A Quint or Twelfth with pipes of cylindrical shape, as opposed to the tapering Gemshorn pattern, formerly so fashionable in Germany. Cymbal- Cimbale, Cymbel. Possibly owing to its brilliant effect the stop derives its name from the orchestral Cymbals. (Gr.) Kv/ipos = a cavity or hollow vessel. From an imitation of the sound of striking a hollow object. Cf. (Gr.) ko/xttcw = to clank, akin to (Lat.) Campana = bell. Practically identical with Sharp Mixture, or Furniture. Occasionally real cymbals were introduced into the organ, e.g. Cymbelpauke (Cymbals and Drum) at St. Catherine, Danzig. Cymbalstern—Cimbalstern, Etoile Sonore, Vox Stellarum. (Ger.) Stern (Fr.) Etoile ; (Lat.) Stella = star. (Fr.) Sonore = sonorous (Lat.) Vox = voice. The Cymbalstern was a very favourite accessory of mediaeval continental organ builders. It consisted of a star-shaped metal case representing the star which guided the Magi to the cradle of the Messiah. To it were attached—either inside or outside—little bells, which jingled when the star was caused to rotate. A few examples are still extant, e.g., that at the Monastic Church, Weingarten (Gabler, 1750). Other examples occurred at Walterhausen, and St. Michael, St. Katherine, St. Jacobi, St. Nicholas, Hamburg. Czakanflote—8 ft. Practically identical with Portunal. St. Marienkirche, Lubeck. The Czakan or Stockflote (obsolete) was a variety of Flageolet of Bohemian origin. ; 35
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS JJ.WEDGWO
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Cornell University Library The orig
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 87 Harmo
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DICTIONARY OF OKQAN STOPS. -89 stan
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 91 Hohlf
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HORN GAMBA—See Fugara. DICTIONARY
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 95 pecul
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RRUMMHORN—See Clarinet. DICTIONAR
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 99 Litic
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 01 Hou
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 103 test
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Oboe. DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Il
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 113 Orch
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOP? 115 OfTen
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 117 reso
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Prinzipa
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. "5 R. Ra
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 13I orga
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 133 Rega
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 35 Mes
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. '37 chim
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Salicional .(rollered), with double
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 141 empl
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 43 Sha
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 145 8 ft
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Subbass—See Bourdon. DICTIONARY O
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 149 prop
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 151 and
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154 Metal Tibia Minor
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i6o DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Trom
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182 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Vox
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1 86 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. z\
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i88 PHONETIC PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
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190 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. LIST OF SU
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192 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Gordon & G
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194 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Rollo, D.,
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THE SHEFFIELD DAILY TELEGRAPH. " Mr
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Works by the same Author. A HISTORY
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MUSICAL WORKS COMPOSED OR EDITED BY
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— MUSICAL WORKS BY FRANCIS BURGES
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The "JOHN HOLT" "PIONEER" PEDAL REE
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— — " Artis est Celare Artem" A
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ESTABLISHED 1869. TELEPHONE 673. Ab
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J. J. BINNS, BRAMLEY ORGAN WORKS, l
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ROBERT SPURDEN #rgan BSutltrer, RUT
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ESTABLISHED 1886. TUNINGS, &c, by Y
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Ssta.1blish.ecl 1888. High Class Ch
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