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IO DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. The action of the beard has not, so far as the author is aware, been explained in any English published treatise ; he may therefore draw attention to the fact that it was demonstrated by Cavailld-Coll, as early as 1840, in his " Etudes Expdrimentales.'' The function of the bridge or roller is to intercept and check the indraught of air induced by the rapid flow of wind through the flue or wind-way and up to the upper lip. This indraught of wind may easily be detected with a lighted cigarette or smoking taper. By thus checking this, the amplitude of vibration is increased. If the finger be held so as partly to cover the nozzle of a hose-pipe, the stream of water issuing therefrom will be deflected and describe an arc or curve. Similarly—to continue the rough illustration—the wind as it emerges from the fiue of the pipe curls away from the frein, but by the return swing of the vibration it is caused to curl round the frein to a corresponding degree. The use of beards has entirely revolutionized " string tone " voicing. Previous to their adoption the use of small-scaled flue pipes with low mouths in the production of keen string tone had been unsatisfactory, on account of the disagreeable defect of speech known as " spitting," in the process of which the pipes sound a harmonic before the ground tone, a defect which, moreover, can only in some measure be .avoided by the equally serious one of causing the pipe to be slightly hesitating in its speech. The application of a beard to a pipe which has overblown into its octave will at once restore the ground tone ; hence both " spitting '' and sluggishness of speech can be remedied by this means. For an instance of extreme scaling rendered possible by the use •of beards see Viole d'Orchestre. It is quite a fallacy to suppose that bearding, apart from details of •scaling, renders a pipe keen in tone. Dulcianas may be bearded without their distinctive quality of tone being to the least degree impaired. In other words, beards may freely be employed for the purpose of securing ipromptitude of speech. The precise reason for the cavilling statements sometimes directed at the practice of bearding pipes would seem obscure. The addition of "side-beards," as ears are named in Germany, is not regarded as a needless distortion of the pipe, nor would it appear con- ceivable that a bearded Violone, possessing as it does excellent blending property and ample body of tone, could be excluded from the category of " legitimate " organ tone, whatever that somewhat hard-driven catchword may be held to comprise. Commenting oh the rather fatuous cuokoo-cry use of the word " legitimate," one inventor of ingenious organ mechanism, in a letter to the author, expressed his conviction that when it was originally proposed to substitute for the human lungs bellows to blow the primitive organ, the change must have met with opposition from the " authorities '' •of the day as not " legitimate."
DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. B©11—An inverted truncated cone, sometimes affixed to the top of organ pipes. See Bell Diapason ; Bell Gamba. BELL DIAPASON—Flute-a-Pavillon.(Fr.) Pavilion = bell. 8 ft. A Diapason pipe surmounted by a bell of inverted conical shape. It was first introduced into this country in the organ by Ducroquet of Paris at the 1851 Exhibition. The tone being full and rich, the stop rapidly became a great favourite, but, like the Bell Gamba (q.v.), has now fallen into disuse. It was extensively used by Messrs. Bevington and Messrs. Halmshaw, of Birmingham. John Courcelle, who afterwards became a famous reed voicer (the firm is now Palmer & Co.), voiced Bell Diapasons of great excellence. He, or some admirer, named the stop Courcellina, in consideration of his accomplishments (as at St. John, Portsea). Brompton Oratory (Bishop). BELL GAMBA— Glocken-Gamba. (Ger.) Glocke = bell. 8 ft.; rarely 16 ft. A large scaled Gamba pipe surmounted by a " bell." The latter appendage would seem to have the effect of imparting to the tone a more reedy or pungent character, acting as a speaking trumpet or Megaphone. The pipes themselves are cylindrical in shape. The pattern of Violada-Gamba, invented by Mr. William Hill, and formerly extensively used, is a tapering Gems- horn pipe with a bell on the top. It emits rich and reedy tones of great refinement, at times even resembling a Cor Anglais in the lower portion of the compass. Flue pipes with bells are now in this country practically obsolete, on account of the difficulties attendant on their tuning and regulation. The pipes and bells were usually cut approximately to the correct length, and the stop provided with long ears for Bell Diapason. tuning purposes. But this process of shading the mouth was often liable seriously to im- pair the " regulation " {i.e., strength and quality Bell Gamba (Hill pattern). of tone) of the pipes. Nevertheless, in many instances, satisfactory results were empirically arrived at, and this objection has in time
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Page 11 and 12: PREFACE. V frame a few constructive
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Page 20 and 21: XIV BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1833 he went to P
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DOUBLE - TONGUEO REED —Double-ton
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 63 Dulci
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 65 Echo
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPa. 67 Examp
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 69 Flaut
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. T Flauto
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 73 Flote
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 75 lips
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 77 to am
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 7
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 8r high.
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 83 Germa
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 85 H, Ha
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 87 Harmo
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DICTIONARY OF OKQAN STOPS. -89 stan
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 91 Hohlf
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HORN GAMBA—See Fugara. DICTIONARY
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 95 pecul
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RRUMMHORN—See Clarinet. DICTIONAR
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 99 Litic
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 01 Hou
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 103 test
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 105 word
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 10J ad a
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 109 Anot
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Oboe. DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Il
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 113 Orch
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOP? 115 OfTen
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 117 reso
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Prinzipa
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 121 The
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 123 its
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. "5 R. Ra
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 127 much
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 129 or a
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 13I orga
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 133 Rega
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 35 Mes
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. '37 chim
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Salicional .(rollered), with double
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 141 empl
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 43 Sha
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 145 8 ft
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Subbass—See Bourdon. DICTIONARY O
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 149 prop
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 151 and
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154 Metal Tibia Minor
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156 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. U P
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158 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. of a
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i6o DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Trom
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1 62 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Tro
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164 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. util
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1 66 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 2
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1 68 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Tus
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170 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. "Vio
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172 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. due
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174 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Pari
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176 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. them
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i 7 8 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. me
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180 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. rate
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182 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Vox
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1 84 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. it
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1 86 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. z\
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i88 PHONETIC PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
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190 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. LIST OF SU
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192 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Gordon & G
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194 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Rollo, D.,
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THE SHEFFIELD DAILY TELEGRAPH. " Mr
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Works by the same Author. A HISTORY
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MUSICAL WORKS COMPOSED OR EDITED BY
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— MUSICAL WORKS BY FRANCIS BURGES
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The "JOHN HOLT" "PIONEER" PEDAL REE
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— — " Artis est Celare Artem" A
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ESTABLISHED 1869. TELEPHONE 673. Ab
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J. J. BINNS, BRAMLEY ORGAN WORKS, l
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ROBERT SPURDEN #rgan BSutltrer, RUT
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ESTABLISHED 1886. TUNINGS, &c, by Y
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Ssta.1blish.ecl 1888. High Class Ch
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