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180 DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. rate, consistent deviation of, temperature. At St. Mark, Hamilton Terrace, London (Walker), the Vox Humana is placed up in the roof inside two con- centrically located swell boxes, one swell box inside of a larger one. Stops with short-length pipes, such as the Vox Humana, Orchestral Oboe or Clarinet, are very liable to get out of tune (see Reed and Clarinet). The Vox Humana sounds at its best when under the influence of a Tremulant (or Vibrato) of delicate and rapid pulsation. It is quite a fallacy to suppose that the Vox Humana so constantly finds a place in the organ merely on account of its possible likeness to the human voice. On the contrary, it forms a (itn&re-creaXing stop of no inconsiderable value. It is available as an effective accompaniments background to stops of various kinds, and combines well with Flute stops. Needless to add that, in view of this, the practice of permanently connecting a Tremulant to the Vox Humana is not a desirable one to be adopted as a precedent. Should an organ be of sufficient dimensions to include a Solo department equipped with enclosed Flutes, the Vox Humana will probably be found more serviceable on this manual than in its more customary position in the Swell organ. See also remarks under Tremulant and Viole d'Orchestre. The author may claim the extremely rare experience of having heard (at the factory of Mr. Gem) a Double Vox Humana pipe. Its tone was extremely fine, resembling a Vox Humana mingled with a sort of soft Bourdon accompaniment. Suggestions have from time to time been put forward that in the construction of the Vox Humana stop some attempt might be made to imitate the structure of the vocal chords. The outcome of such an attempt would certainly be of such delicacy as to proscribe its use in the organ. M. Kratzenstein, whose name is associated with that of the Abt Vogler in the introduction of free reeds into the organ, won a prize offered by the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, in 1779, for an enquiry into the nature of the vowel sounds, and the construction of an instrument for artificially imitating them. He found that it was possible to distinctly reproduce the vowel sounds by means of reeds surmounted, severally, by pipes of the form here illustrated.* In the case of the vowel I, however, the reed was dispensed with, the wind being simply led into the pipe. * In case any. reader should desire to experiment in this direction himself, it may be added that the success of the effect depends largely on the treatment of the tongue. A Cor Anglais pipe sometimes gives in the upper notes a distinct E sound. With a little ingenuity, it would, no doubt, be possible to obtain quite a tolerable vocal representation of the various inmates of Noah's Ark. The organ already boasts a Barpfeife, a Kalber- Regal, a Bockschwebung, a Cuckoo, a Nightingale, and a Vox Humana. A skilful modification of the U sound would perhaps result in the accession of the Vox Felina {i.e., Cat's voice) to the ranks.
DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 181 I u M. Kempelen, of Vienna, also succeeded in constructing an apparatus furnished with a mouth-piece, and a nose, made of two tin tubes which communicated with the mouth. When both tubes were open and the mouth-piece closed, the consonant M was sounded, and when one was closed the consonant N. Eventually M. Kempelen was able to produce entire words and sentences, such as Je vous aime de tout mon caur, Conslantinopolis, Romanorum imperator semper Augustus, Exploitation, etc. French pronunciation would, of course, lend itself more readily to artificial imitation. For a fuller description of this machine, the reader should consult Sir David Brewster's "Letters to Sir Walter Scott on Natural Magic." Mr. Willis, of Cambridge, pursuing a former experiment of M. Kempelen, obtained some very curious and interesting results. He em- ployed a reed and funnel shaped cavity like that shown in the figure. By sliding a flat cover over the top he found he could produce the whole series of vowel sounds. In another experiment Mr. Willis fitted to the reed cylindrical bodies with sliding telescope joints. Brewster sum- nu^u^uuuykuyr^ isa marizes the results as follows : " When the tube was greatly less than the length of a stopped pipe in unison with the reed, it sounded I, and by increasing the length of the tube it gave E, A, O, and U, in succession. But what was very unexpected, when the tube was so much lengthened as to be i-J times the length of a stopped pipe in unison with the reed, the vowels began to be again sounded in an inverted order, U, O, A, E, and then again in a direct order, I, E, A, O, U, when the length of the tube was equal to twice that of a stopped pipe in unison, with the reed." (Vox Inaudita— IVox Ineffabilis— (Lat.) Inauditus = unheard. (Lat.) Ineffabilis = unutterable, inexpressible. A facetious pleasantry indulged in by some mediaeval organ builders. The stops so named extended no further than dummy stop handles Sycophantic organ builders take note ! !
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS JJ.WEDGWO
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Cornell University Library The orig
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THIRD EDITION. TO T. TERTIUS NOBLE,
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A WORK FOREWORD. of this kind will
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PREFACE. V frame a few constructive
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PREFACE. Vll from the facts that a
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. XI c
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XIV BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1833 he went to P
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XVI TABLE OF HARMONIC SERIES. TABLE
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. A. Acous
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 3 artist
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 5 are st
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. J BARYTO
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Beard—
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. B©11—
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 13 the e
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 Dr. Ha
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 would
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 IV ran
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 21 is ra
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 23 Clari
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 25 are n
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 27 CLEAR
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 2 9 Cont
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 3 (2) In
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 33 beaut
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Courtel
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 37 judgm
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 39 (3) I
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 41 seeme
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 43 mouth
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 45 domai
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 47 legit
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 49 Dia.p
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above stops are all of the bivalvul
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. S3 is no
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 55 ^SSSN
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 57 made
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 59 was n
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DOUBLE - TONGUEO REED —Double-ton
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 63 Dulci
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 65 Echo
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPa. 67 Examp
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 69 Flaut
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. T Flauto
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 73 Flote
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 75 lips
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 77 to am
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 7
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 8r high.
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 83 Germa
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 85 H, Ha
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 87 Harmo
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DICTIONARY OF OKQAN STOPS. -89 stan
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 91 Hohlf
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HORN GAMBA—See Fugara. DICTIONARY
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 95 pecul
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RRUMMHORN—See Clarinet. DICTIONAR
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 99 Litic
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 1 01 Hou
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 103 test
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 105 word
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 10J ad a
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 109 Anot
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Oboe. DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Il
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 113 Orch
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOP? 115 OfTen
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 117 reso
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. Prinzipa
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 121 The
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 123 its
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. "5 R. Ra
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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 127 much
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Page 163 and 164: Salicional .(rollered), with double
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Page 171 and 172: Subbass—See Bourdon. DICTIONARY O
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Page 212 and 213: i88 PHONETIC PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
Page 214 and 215: 190 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. LIST OF SU
Page 216 and 217: 192 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Gordon & G
Page 218 and 219: 194 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Rollo, D.,
Page 220 and 221: THE SHEFFIELD DAILY TELEGRAPH. " Mr
Page 222 and 223: Works by the same Author. A HISTORY
Page 224 and 225: MUSICAL WORKS COMPOSED OR EDITED BY
Page 226 and 227: — MUSICAL WORKS BY FRANCIS BURGES
Page 228 and 229: The "JOHN HOLT" "PIONEER" PEDAL REE
Page 230 and 231: — — " Artis est Celare Artem" A
Page 232 and 233: ESTABLISHED 1869. TELEPHONE 673. Ab
Page 234 and 235: J. J. BINNS, BRAMLEY ORGAN WORKS, l
Page 236 and 237: ROBERT SPURDEN #rgan BSutltrer, RUT
Page 238 and 239: ESTABLISHED 1886. TUNINGS, &c, by Y
Page 240 and 241: Ssta.1blish.ecl 1888. High Class Ch
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