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DICTIONARY OF ORGAN STOPS. 153
Tibia, Dura— (Lat.) Durus = hard. 4 ft.
A stop of Mr. Hope-Jones invention. The original pattern of Tibia
Dura was composed of open wood pipes of extraordinary shape. The
pipe at the base was broad though shallow, but increased in depth as it
ascended. The back of the pipe remained perpendicular, but the front
fell outwards at such an angle as to render the pipe square at the top.
The sides were set parallel. For some occult reason the pipe-foot was set
in the cap. The stop was provided with leathered lips. The sole example
of the Tibia Dura, made after this manner, is in the Swell at St. Paul,
Burton-on-Trent. The tone of this stop is bright, hard and " searching,"
and struck the author as very similar to the Jardine Clear Flute. It was a
mere probationary and tentative experiment of no intrinsic worth. More
recently, however, Mr. Hope-Jones has succeeded in the production of the
same tone from a pipe of more reasonable construction. It is made of
hard wood, with the mouth on the wide side. The new pattern of pipe is
narrow at the base from back to front, but as it ascends both back and
front move outwards, though not sufficiently to render the pipe square.
The stop is largely used by Messrs. Ingram & Co., of Hereford (successors
to Ingram, Hope-Jones & Co.). Warwick Castle; Wesleyan Chapel,
Warwick (Ingram, Hope-Jones & Co.); Parish Church, Loughborough;
Melbourne Town Hall, Australia (Ingram & Co.). The Tibia Dura has
also been used by Mr. Hope-Jones in America.*
Tibia Major—(Lat.) Major = greater. 16 ft.; 8 ft.
The name is employed in Germany to designate a manual Flute double,
usually of stopped pipes. A stop of this description was used by Schulze
at Doncaster Parish Church (1852). The name is also used in Germany
to denote an open 8 ft. Flute corresponding to our Hohlflute, but of much
fuller and more massive tone. It is frequently employed on the Great
organ. The Tibia Major may be described as a Tibia Plena made of less
immense scale.
Tibia Minor—(Lat.) Minor = smaller. 8 ft. ; 4 ft.
In Germany a large-scaled Gedeckt, the word minor merely having
reference to pitch. The name is used by Mr. John H. Compton, of
Nottingham, to designate a stop of his invention. Whilst German builders
frequently use a large-scaled full-toned open Flute (see Tibia Major) on
their Great organs, Mr. Compton prefers to employ a stopped pipe of the
Tibia family, as conducive to better blend. The Tibia Minor bears some
* For the first pair of illustrations the author is indebted to the kindness of Dr. A. B.
Plant, of St. Paul's, Burton; for the second pair to that of Mr. Eustace Ingram, jun.,
of Hereford.