n Alas - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys - State ...
n Alas - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys - State ... n Alas - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys - State ...
north of Twelvemile Summit (fig. 321, Q a more alumi- assemblages: (I) cryp tocrystallhe black marble, (2) nous quarte~l@~~+muscovite+Pe-~~orite~~o~ clinohumiteYbrsterIte+dolomite+calcIte+Ma-*NoritoIdf garnet sahist. These assemblages indicate Ite+MgserpantCne marble, (3) green acdno~te+calgarne t e e mediumpressure faciesseries metamor- eite+epidote+diopside+quartz+pl~gi0~109e+sphene eels phism; they are steble from about 400'~ at 0.1 to 0.4 with sllky white trernolite layers, and (4) massive red- GPs (limited by the breakdown of pycophyllite) to brown grossularite+green hedenbarg~te+quartz~dclte 550 C at 0.7 GPa (using the petrngenetic grid of fels. Labotka, 1881, big. 11). An increase in metamorphic grade within this range of temperatures is seen toward the east, as indicated by increasingly Mg rich chlorite and Ca rich plagioclase in the less aluminow assemblage (fig. 32). North of the lineament, the pelitlc rocks are [Ydutlength-dl%pers(ve analyses an a CMZCA mobel *81 clacVon alcroroh. ustnq Tram-r-Uartbrn model IN-1310 buurmatlon. ccnvarrpd to wight percant composed of qunrtz+pIag;Ioclase+m uscovite+bio- according ta the Bencc-Albce whniaye VIU nlbee-RW correction Ixurs. AccelOrdtlnQ voltape 15 kY. sample current 12 nA on brass- spot stre. 16 tr tite*Fe-chlorite. Garnet is rare and wcurs only in a for plsgt~lbsc IVLG~ rnd ~ 'm for garnet lu01 And pymrcn; (PVII, n.d., few samples as resorbed grains or as inclusions in pla- not dchmined. SEc figure J2 far mlt local lrfcs. Pn, FOR. a d d\G nonml(zM to total cations of 4. 5, an 6. res IIVcly; A) and Al gioclase. The porphyroblas tic plagioclase resembles rrslgnrd from asrued stolchl-: feq' anl Fmj5 .%timated frp. afrrenl charge b ~ dncsl l that of pelitic rocks south of the lineament. Two generations of biotite are present. The first occurs as alined inclusions in plagioclase that define a weak folintion, which were apparently formed during regional metamorphism. The second k randomly Hlneral------ GAR PIX PLC oriented biotite that crosses the early foliation and gives the rock a hornfebic texture. These observatiorts suggest that contact metamorphism was superimposed on a preexisting garnet-grade epidoteamphibollte-facies regional metamorphism. Contact effects do not extend south of the lineament. Petrographic examination indicates that the plagloclase porphyroblasts are of albite In the pelitic schist south of the lineament near Twelvemile Summit, but farther east they are zoned and have albite cores ( ~ n ~ , and ~ ! oligoclase rims (An24,27E. In contrast, prelirn~nacy electron microprobe data (table 12) on zoned phgioclase froin near the pluton Indicate that the cores are An23, and the rims are Anl. -More data are needed to ieterrnine whether this zoning is continuous and, if not, to assess whether the cores and rims represent polymetamorphism or equilibrium mineral growth across the peristerite gap, which would confine the metamorphic temperature to between approximately 400' and 550' (Smit3 1872, fig. 9). Metamorphic temperatures above 600 could not have been reached on either side of the Uneament or else the pelitic rocks would have undergone partial melting. South of the lineament, mafic schist contains amphibole+plagioclase+quartz+M~hlorite+biotite+epidote+garnet+sphene. Petrographic data suggest that the amphibole has an actlnoUte core and a hornblende rim and that the plagloclase porphyroblasts have cores of albite rimmed with oligoclase. Coexistence of hornblende with oUgoclase is consistent with the garnet-Jlgoclase qede of the intercalated pelitic rocks (Laird, 1980, fig. 2). Mafic rocks north of the Uneament are mineralogically and texturally distinct. The assernbhge is ollgocW+quartz+actinolite+biotite+epidotephene Fe- AssembIege 2 may be described by the chlorite. Garnet is rare and occurs as resorbed grains equilibrium lor8 terite+dolorn ite+ A O=clinohumite+calor a8 inclusions in plagioclase. Actinolite needles form eite+Co2, which constrains the rnaarnorphie temperasmall radial clusters; random orientations of white ture to a minimum of about 450'~ (Rice, 1980). mica, blotite, and tourmaline imply contact metarnor- Absence of evidence of partial melting of the inter* phism. Coexistence of actinolite with oligoclase l&ed pelitic rocks sets the upper temperature limit at rather than albite also indicates low-pressure facies 600'~. This range of metamorphic temperatures is series metamorphism (compare Laird, 1980, figs. 2, 5). consistent with asembhges 3 and 4 and with the pres- Calc-silicate rocks, which crop out only north of ence of calcitequartz rather than wouastonite the Uneament, include four thin-bedded mineral twinkler, 3979, figs. 9-5, 9-6, 10-2). Low values of
are Lrdlcated by coexisting @&ite+quarte &% er. 1979. fir. 10-2). &mbi&e- 4 cdntaihs dfscontlnuously zoned garnets. Relatively uneoned birefringent cores comlst of 83 rnol percent grossular (gr), 15 mol percent andradite (an), 1 mol percent spessartine (sp), and no alman- dine (ai) (table 12). Isotropic rims ate zoned outward from F ~ ~ ~ '0 ~ 860m33~P11* ~ ~ P ~ " me ~ mre , may have formed durlrrg revon me morphism of Peand Al-rlch carbonate r&. The rims could have formed during the contact-metamorphic event at the ertpense of earlier formed Pe- and Mn-ing miner- &, or the cores and rims may both have formed during the same event by a discontinuous reaction. Alternatively, semiquantitative emissionspectroscopy malysei, of calcsilicates from Table Mountain suggest that they are enriched in Zn, Sn, W. I and Cu and may thus have undergone metasomatism from flukls emanating from the nearby granodiorite 1 pluton and (or) epizonal PelsIc intrusions. However, the sequence of assemblages 1 through 4 b observed in ( the same order at three separate Wtiss uig. 32), a result that could be due to thermal metamorphism of I compositionally distinct layers. Contact-rnetemorphlc essembhges and taKtures are observed along the Ptnnell Mountain trall es far as 6 km southwest of the granodiorite pluton mapped in the northeastern part of the study area (fig. 32). Because this is too 1 e a contact aureole for such a srnu pluton, a laFgeryeblc plubn underlying the area I3 suggested. The small felsic Intrusions may well be related to such a body. REFERENCES CITED Cushing, G. W., Foster, H. L., taird, Jo, end Burack, A. C., 1982, Deacrlptlon and preliminary Inter- pretation of folds and faults in a small area In Circle 6-4 and &5 quedranglea, Alaska, in Cooncad, W. L., ed., 'lhe United States ~eol* cal !Survey h Alaska8 AccornpUshments during 1980: U.S. Cgologfcel Survey Circular 844, p. 56-58. Pnster, H. L., Weber, F. R., Forbes, R. &, and Brabb, E. E., 1973, Regional geology of the Yukon- Tanana Upland, M a , & Pitoher, M. G., ed., Arctic geology: American miation of P e e leum Geologists Memoir 19, p. 388-396. Labotka, T. C., 1981, Petrology of an anddmitetype reglonal metamorphic terrane, Panamlnt Moun- talns, C-ornia: Journal of Petrology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 261-296. Laird, Jo, 1980, Phase equWbria in mafic sohist from Vermont: Journal of Petrology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1- 37. Rice, J. M., 1980, Phsse equMbrL Involving humite minerals in impure dolomltic limmtonea, part r: Calculated stability of clinohumlte: Contribu- tions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 71, no. 3, p. 219-235. Smith, J. V., 1972, Critic& review of synthesP and occurrenee oi plagiociase feldspars and a possible phase diegram: Journal of Geology, v. 80, no. 5, p. 505-525. Winklet, H. G. P., 1979, Petrogmsk of metamorphic rocks (5th ed.): New York, Springer-Verlag, 348 P- - Amphmole eclogite in the C%& m e , TnllaM Upland, Petmgraphic and electron-m icrwrobe analyses of a sample of mafic schist collected north of Twin Buttes, Circle A-6 quadrangle, Yukon-Tanana Upland (area 11, fig. 23; fig. 33), show it to be eclogite near the boundary of Groups B and C of Coleman and others (1985). Estimated conditions of metamorphism are 600~*50~~ and 1.35f0.15 GPa. This edogite is an strike with that reported by Swainbank and Forbes (1975) from the nearby Pairbank district (Pig. 33). Pigwe 33.-Eclogite localities in eastern part of Livengood (A-2) quadrangle and western part of Circle (A-6) quadrangle. The sample studied (79AWrl08C, fig. 33) Is lrom a mafic layer within quarte+white mIca+garnet borne- what retrograded to chlorite) schist and quartalte. Where the contact is vtsible, the foliation has the same I orientation in both the malic and pelltic Layers, which appear to have been metamorphosed together. The mafia layer cuts across the foliation and is more massive in the interior, an observation suggesting that its protolith was a dike, In general, the mafic layer is rnedlum grained, medium green, massive to fouated, containing rnediummn pyroxene, dark-blue-green amphibole, reddbh-bmwn garnet porphyroblasts as large as 3 mm across, quartz, a paleyellow epidote-group mineral, white mica, and gold+olared sulfides. Similar rocks mcur as rubble on the adjacent ridges to the west and east Pe-aphialy the sample is mmpsed (in estimated modal percent) ol: garnet (25), clinopyrox- ene (25), quartz (201, clinoamphibole (lo), elhozoisite (lo), white mica (LO), rutile (I), and suLtide (trace). The clinopymxene is colorless and is surrounded and cut by ccyptocrystalline material that may be sirnil@ to the symplectite described by other workers as an alteration product of eologftic omphacite. hphlbole shows colorless to pale-blue-gray pleochrofsm except in a few places next to garnet, where a colorles to
- Page 15 and 16: ~ t I r n t S i m ~ ~ Alarr a ~ man
- Page 17 and 18: I -1977, RelImlnary documentat!on l
- Page 19 and 20: I I MaCenn, W. R., Perez, 0. J., an
- Page 21 and 22: were deslgned to impMve the accurac
- Page 23 and 24: Noatak Sandstom and is overlaln con
- Page 25 and 26: I (Nilsen and others, 1981a); (2) f
- Page 27 and 28: I that contains the Upper Devonian
- Page 29 and 30: who found Westeqaardodina sp., posb
- Page 31 and 32: Table 2 lists the means rtnd for th
- Page 33 and 34: ' Noatak Vdley (fig. 129. This ice
- Page 35 and 36: 3 EUMN OF MAP UNITS WAmWARY OUAERNA
- Page 37 and 38: -om displacement of the cc tween th
- Page 39 and 40: I US I Surlicial dcnrrua,ts [~dater
- Page 41 and 42: I Plafker, George, Hudson, Travis,
- Page 43 and 44: !omlensed iring vapors generated by
- Page 45 and 46: and the thinning. -upward cycles .,
- Page 47 and 48: Kellum, L. B., Devless, S. N., and
- Page 49 and 50: 1912 sample (a mediumwey pumice blo
- Page 51 and 52: various Utholagic units present Thu
- Page 53 and 54: fault, and Its depositional basemen
- Page 55 and 56: suggested by coplanar foUaticm and
- Page 57 and 58: 1 slgnlficarrtly more umnlum (73&1,
- Page 59 and 60: ecrSigtallized catadastic matrix of
- Page 61 and 62: analyzed to determine whether Immob
- Page 63 and 64: are tgplcd of both ocean-floor basa
- Page 65: & Fclsic in~rutirt rucks 0 Eio~ite
- Page 69 and 70: (Mg3.09 pe2+ 0.69 pe 0.~1~0.01~~0.9
- Page 71 and 72: westward into a narrow band that ex
- Page 73 and 74: EXF'lANATIOW 66600' Contan-Apprnimn
- Page 75 and 76: ! few fold closures are preserved.
- Page 77 and 78: even thickness and conform to irreg
- Page 79 and 80: (Alnus ap.), heaths (Ericaceae, + E
- Page 81 and 82: terrane extends at least 300 krn to
- Page 83 and 84: Table 19.--6tneral petrography of M
- Page 85 and 86: were measured on 8 12-in. mass spec
- Page 87 and 88: Thin lenses of cabonate packtone to
- Page 89 and 90: The cantwell(?) Pormation south of
- Page 91 and 92: in the 18 lava flows b thermoremane
- Page 93 and 94: Upper Cretaceous shale in contact w
- Page 95 and 96: Gran tz, Arthur, 1960, Generalized
- Page 97 and 98: at 15 to 20 percent. Primary Inolus
- Page 99 and 100: addition, this factor generally def
- Page 101 and 102: Joreskog, K. G., Klovan, J. E., and
- Page 103 and 104: Mineral qItWation end r ~ k t k W e
- Page 105 and 106: 1 "~_liO-/ 200 1000 B roo C E % A B
- Page 107 and 108: Smaller placer mines ere active on
- Page 109 and 110: Figme 62.-Plant fassils from the co
- Page 111 and 112: Hallam, Anthony, 1975, Alfred Wegen
- Page 113 and 114: u ALASKA Figure 65.--Sketch map of
- Page 115 and 116: F ' i a?.-Intertidal bluffs compose
are Lrdlcated by coexisting @&ite+quarte<br />
&% er. 1979. fir. 10-2).<br />
&mbi&e- 4 cdntaihs dfscontlnuously zoned<br />
garnets. Relatively uneoned birefringent cores comlst<br />
<strong>of</strong> 83 rnol percent grossular (gr), 15 mol percent andradite<br />
(an), 1 mol percent spessartine (sp), and no alman-<br />
dine (ai) (table 12). Isotropic rims ate zoned outward<br />
from F ~ ~ ~ '0 ~ 860m33~P11* ~ ~ P ~ " me ~ mre ,<br />
may have formed durlrrg revon me morphism <strong>of</strong> Peand<br />
Al-rlch carbonate r&. The rims could have<br />
formed during the contact-metamorphic event at the<br />
ertpense <strong>of</strong> earlier formed Pe- and Mn-ing miner-<br />
&, or the cores and rims may both have formed during<br />
the same event by a discontinuous reaction.<br />
Alternatively, semiquantitative emissionspectroscopy<br />
malysei, <strong>of</strong> calcsilicates from Table<br />
Mountain suggest that they are enriched in Zn, Sn, W.<br />
I and Cu and may thus have undergone metasomatism<br />
from flukls emanating from the nearby granodiorite<br />
1 pluton and (or) epizonal PelsIc intrusions. However,<br />
the sequence <strong>of</strong> assemblages 1 through 4 b observed in<br />
( the same order at three separate Wtiss uig. 32), a<br />
result that could be due to thermal metamorphism <strong>of</strong><br />
I compositionally distinct layers.<br />
Contact-rnetemorphlc essembhges and taKtures<br />
are observed along the Ptnnell Mountain trall es far as<br />
6 km southwest <strong>of</strong> the granodiorite pluton mapped in<br />
the northeastern part <strong>of</strong> the study area (fig. 32).<br />
Because this is too 1 e a contact aureole for such a<br />
srnu pluton, a laFgeryeblc plubn underlying the area<br />
I3 suggested. The small felsic Intrusions may well be<br />
related to such a body.<br />
REFERENCES CITED<br />
Cushing, G. W., Foster, H. L., taird, Jo, end Burack,<br />
A. C., 1982, Deacrlptlon and preliminary Inter-<br />
pretation <strong>of</strong> folds and faults in a small area In<br />
Circle 6-4 and &5 quedranglea, <strong>Alas</strong>ka, in<br />
Cooncad, W. L., ed., 'lhe United <strong>State</strong>s ~eol*<br />
cal !Survey h <strong>Alas</strong>ka8 AccornpUshments during<br />
1980: U.S. Cgologfcel Survey Circular 844, p.<br />
56-58.<br />
Pnster, H. L., Weber, F. R., Forbes, R. &, and Brabb,<br />
E. E., 1973, Regional geology <strong>of</strong> the Yukon-<br />
Tanana Upland, M a , & Pitoher, M. G., ed.,<br />
Arctic geology: American miation <strong>of</strong> P e e<br />
leum Geologists Memoir 19, p. 388-396.<br />
Labotka, T. C., 1981, Petrology <strong>of</strong> an anddmitetype<br />
reglonal metamorphic terrane, Panamlnt Moun-<br />
talns, C-ornia: Journal <strong>of</strong> Petrology, v. 22, no.<br />
2, p. 261-296.<br />
Laird, Jo, 1980, Phase equWbria in mafic sohist from<br />
Vermont: Journal <strong>of</strong> Petrology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-<br />
37.<br />
Rice, J. M., 1980, Phsse equMbrL Involving humite<br />
minerals in impure dolomltic limmtonea, part r:<br />
Calculated stability <strong>of</strong> clinohumlte: Contribu-<br />
tions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 71, no. 3, p.<br />
219-235.<br />
Smith, J. V., 1972, Critic& review <strong>of</strong> synthesP and<br />
occurrenee oi plagiociase feldspars and a<br />
possible phase diegram: Journal <strong>of</strong> Geology, v.<br />
80, no. 5, p. 505-525.<br />
Winklet, H. G. P., 1979, Petrogmsk <strong>of</strong> metamorphic<br />
rocks (5th ed.): New York, Springer-Verlag, 348<br />
P-<br />
-<br />
Amphmole eclogite in the C%& m e ,<br />
TnllaM Upland,<br />
Petmgraphic and electron-m icrwrobe analyses<br />
<strong>of</strong> a sample <strong>of</strong> mafic schist collected north <strong>of</strong> Twin<br />
Buttes, Circle A-6 quadrangle, Yukon-Tanana Upland<br />
(area 11, fig. 23; fig. 33), show it to be eclogite near<br />
the boundary <strong>of</strong> Groups B and C <strong>of</strong> Coleman and others<br />
(1985). Estimated conditions <strong>of</strong> metamorphism are<br />
600~*50~~ and 1.35f0.15 GPa. This edogite is an<br />
strike with that reported by Swainbank and Forbes<br />
(1975) from the nearby Pairbank district (Pig. 33).<br />
Pigwe 33.-Eclogite localities in eastern part <strong>of</strong><br />
Livengood (A-2) quadrangle and western part <strong>of</strong> Circle<br />
(A-6) quadrangle.<br />
The sample studied (79AWrl08C, fig. 33) Is lrom<br />
a mafic layer within quarte+white mIca+garnet borne-<br />
what retrograded to chlorite) schist and quartalte.<br />
Where the contact is vtsible, the foliation has the same I<br />
orientation in both the malic and pelltic Layers, which<br />
appear to have been metamorphosed together. The<br />
mafia layer cuts across the foliation and is more<br />
massive in the interior, an observation suggesting that<br />
its protolith was a dike,<br />
In general, the mafic layer is rnedlum grained,<br />
medium green, massive to fouated, containing<br />
rnediummn pyroxene, dark-blue-green amphibole,<br />
reddbh-bmwn garnet porphyroblasts as large as 3 mm<br />
across, quartz, a paleyellow epidote-group mineral,<br />
white mica, and gold+olared sulfides. Similar rocks<br />
mcur as rubble on the adjacent ridges to the west and<br />
east<br />
Pe-aphialy the sample is mmpsed (in<br />
estimated modal percent) ol: garnet (25), clinopyrox-<br />
ene (25), quartz (201, clinoamphibole (lo), elhozoisite<br />
(lo), white mica (LO), rutile (I), and suLtide (trace).<br />
The clinopymxene is colorless and is surrounded and<br />
cut by ccyptocrystalline material that may be sirnil@<br />
to the symplectite described by other workers as an<br />
alteration product <strong>of</strong> eologftic omphacite. hphlbole<br />
shows colorless to pale-blue-gray pleochr<strong>of</strong>sm except<br />
in a few places next to garnet, where a colorles to