n Alas - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys - State ...
n Alas - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys - State ... n Alas - Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys - State ...
Figwe 86.-Ketchiknn area, showing locations of samples utilized for oxygen-isotope analyses and approdmate distribution of plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Coast plutontc complex. intermontane belt and wes fueled by the emplacement of Eocene plutons and dikes (Magarit2 and Taylor, 1376). Figure 89 compares the isotopic variations within and east of the Coast plutonic complex near Prince Rupert (~ageitz end Taylor, 1976), with those measured in this sfgdy. The approximately Unear relation between A O , and the distance of the sample locality from tsy;est edge of the batholith may be fortuitous, or this relation may be the isotopic signature of hydrothermal activlty that ckaubted prmessively lighter waters toward the east. A somewhat similar gradient in hydrothermal-fluid ~omposltion was recognized along a traverse ecross aneouver Islend end the southern part of the Coast lutonlc complexl~ylor and Magarite, 1878). Both of -8ese inferred 6 OH 0 gradients are similar to the present-day varietion2ln surface-water composItlon across southeastern Alaska and western British Columbia (~aylor, L974, fig. 6). On the basis of the geolaglc and isotopic reletions described above, we infer that the oxygenisotopic variations in the Ketchikan area may record InteractIan with huge hydrothermal systems which were driven by thermal events in the Coast plutonic complex. These isotopic relations also suggest that on the west side of the study area, fairly heavy fluids were involved--possibly marine or metamorphic in origin. Toward the east, the circulating fluids became Ughter and were at least in part of meteoric origin on the east side 04 the Coast plutonic complex (Taylor and Magarite, 1078). Investigations are currently in progress on the composition and age of the hydrothermal systems within and west of the batholithic belt, and on the relation between this hydrothermal activity and the mineralization history of southeastern Alaska. Acknowledgments.-We thank Jan B. Saleeby and fiervy C. Berg tor the samples analyeed in this study. Financial support for this research was provlded by National Science Poundaff on Grant EAR- 7816874, awarded to K. P. Taylor, Jr. This is contribution No. 3722 of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, CaliPornf a Iwtitute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125. REFERENCES CITED Criss, R. B., md Taylor, H, P., 1983, An 180/180 and DIH study of Tertiary hydrothermal systems in the southern half of the Idaho Betholith:
! ~ bI8oO, (IN PERMIL) ~lqp~e 87.-8180 of quartz (QI versus 8l80 of plagioclase (pl), relative to range of values for unaltered trondhjemitic rock (shading). Circles, Cape Pox; squeres, Prince of Wales Island; triangles, Annette Island; hexagons, Gravina Esland. Size of symbol is approximately 2r (f0.1 permil) analytical uncertainty. jeologrcal Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 5, p. 640-663.. Hutchison, W. W., Berg, H. C., and Okullteh, A. V., 1979, Skeena River geologic mapr Geological Survey of Canada Map 1385A, scale l:I,O@,O~~ Magaritz, Mordeckai, and Taylor, H. P., 1876, 0/ 0 and D/H studies along a 500 km traverse across the Coast Range batholith and ita country rocks, central Brttish Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 13, no. 11, p. 151161536. O'Neil, Z R., and Taylor, H. P., Jr., 1967, The oxygen isotope and cation exchange chemistry of feldspars: American Mineralcgkt, v. 52, no. 9- 10, p. 1414-1437. Taylor, H. P., Jr., 1968, lh oxygen isotope geochemistry of Igneous rock81 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 19, no. I, p. 1-71. -1974, The apdllcation of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems OF hydrothermal alteratfan and ore deposition: Bconomlc Geology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 843-883. OISTANCE WEST OF COAST PLUTONIC COMPW BOVNOARY. IN KlLOMmRS 18 16 Figure @.-A 0 , 0 fractionation between w t z and plagloclase & O 1 of maly~d samples v e m distance of sample l&%lty west of Coast plutonic complex boundary. Circles, Cape Pox; squares, Prince of W8les Island; triangles, Annette Island; hexagons, Gravim Island. Taylor, 8. P., Jr., and Magaritz, Mordeckai, 1978, Oxygen and hydrogen Isotope studtes of the Cordilleran batholiths of western North America, Robinson, 0. W., ed., Stable isotopes in the earth sciences! New Zealand Department of Scientific and lndustrial Research Bulletin, v. 220, p. 151-173. {Figure 90 shows study areas discussed) Pal '-' atd arrslgsis of the 03trad in Quternarg sediment from M talcen near Icy Bay, Gulf of Alaska The Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay (area 1, fig. 90; fig. 91) Is a region of contrasting offshore sedimentation rates, ranging from mas of nondepositlon near Cape Yakam to areas with sedlmentation rates as high as 18 mrn per yr (Molnia and others, 1980). I have examined the ostracode faunas in four cores from this region (fig. 92) with several goals in mlndz (1) To establish whether the cores In the area of high sedimentation rates can be correlatedl (2) to determine whether any climatic cycles are evident thet are comparable to the high- resolution onshore dendrochronology records; (3) to determine the Holocene/Eleistocene boundary In the core taken off Cape Yakataga; and (4) to estabbh
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!<br />
~ bI8oO, (IN PERMIL)<br />
~lqp~e 87.-8180 <strong>of</strong> quartz (QI versus 8l80 <strong>of</strong><br />
plagioclase (pl), relative to range <strong>of</strong> values for<br />
unaltered trondhjemitic rock (shading). Circles, Cape<br />
Pox; squeres, Prince <strong>of</strong> Wales Island; triangles,<br />
Annette Island; hexagons, Gravina Esland. Size <strong>of</strong><br />
symbol is approximately 2r (f0.1 permil) analytical<br />
uncertainty.<br />
jeologrcal Society <strong>of</strong> America Bulletin, v. 94,<br />
no. 5, p. 640-663..<br />
Hutchison, W. W., Berg, H. C., and Okullteh, A. V.,<br />
1979, Skeena River geologic mapr <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Survey <strong>of</strong> Canada Map 1385A, scale l:I,O@,O~~<br />
Magaritz, Mordeckai, and Taylor, H. P., 1876, 0/ 0<br />
and D/H studies along a 500 km traverse across<br />
the Coast Range batholith and ita country rocks,<br />
central Brttish Columbia: Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth Sciences, v. 13, no. 11, p. 151161536.<br />
O'Neil, Z R., and Taylor, H. P., Jr., 1967, The oxygen<br />
isotope and cation exchange chemistry <strong>of</strong><br />
feldspars: American Mineralcgkt, v. 52, no. 9-<br />
10, p. 1414-1437.<br />
Taylor, H. P., Jr., 1968, lh oxygen isotope<br />
geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Igneous rock81 Contributions to<br />
Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 19, no. I, p. 1-71.<br />
-1974, The apdllcation <strong>of</strong> oxygen and hydrogen<br />
isotope studies to problems OF hydrothermal<br />
alteratfan and ore deposition: Bconomlc<br />
Geology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 843-883.<br />
OISTANCE WEST OF COAST PLUTONIC COMPW BOVNOARY. IN KlLOMmRS<br />
18 16<br />
Figure @.-A 0 , 0 fractionation between w t z<br />
and plagloclase & O 1 <strong>of</strong> maly~d samples v e m<br />
distance <strong>of</strong> sample l&%lty west <strong>of</strong> Coast plutonic<br />
complex boundary. Circles, Cape Pox; squares, Prince<br />
<strong>of</strong> W8les Island; triangles, Annette Island; hexagons,<br />
Gravim Island.<br />
Taylor, 8. P., Jr., and Magaritz, Mordeckai, 1978,<br />
Oxygen and hydrogen Isotope studtes <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Cordilleran batholiths <strong>of</strong> western North America,<br />
Robinson, 0. W., ed., Stable isotopes in the<br />
earth sciences! New Zealand Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Scientific and lndustrial Research Bulletin, v.<br />
220, p. 151-173.<br />
{Figure 90 shows study areas discussed)<br />
Pal '-' atd arrslgsis <strong>of</strong> the 03trad in<br />
Quternarg sediment from M talcen near Icy Bay,<br />
Gulf <strong>of</strong> <strong>Alas</strong>ka<br />
The Continental Shelf south <strong>of</strong> Icy Bay (area 1,<br />
fig. 90; fig. 91) Is a region <strong>of</strong> contrasting <strong>of</strong>fshore<br />
sedimentation rates, ranging from mas <strong>of</strong><br />
nondepositlon near Cape Yakam to areas with<br />
sedlmentation rates as high as 18 mrn per yr (Molnia<br />
and others, 1980). I have examined the ostracode<br />
faunas in four cores from this region (fig. 92) with<br />
several goals in mlndz (1) To establish whether the<br />
cores In the area <strong>of</strong> high sedimentation rates can be<br />
correlatedl (2) to determine whether any climatic<br />
cycles are evident thet are comparable to the high-<br />
resolution onshore dendrochronology records; (3) to<br />
determine the Holocene/Eleistocene boundary In the<br />
core taken <strong>of</strong>f Cape Yakataga; and (4) to estabbh