Lisø PhD Dissertation Manuscript - NTNU

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<strong>Lisø</strong>, K.R./ Building envelope performance in harsh climates: Methods for geographically dependent design iv
<strong>Lisø</strong>, K.R./ Building envelope performance in harsh climates: Methods for geographically dependent design Summary The lifetime of the built environment depends strongly on the severity of local climatic conditions. A well-functioning and reliable infrastructure is a precondition for economic growth and social development. The climate and topography of Norway puts great demands on the design and localization of buildings. The relationship between materials, structures and climatic impact is highly complex; illustrating the need for new and improved methods for vulnerability assessment of building envelope performance in relation to externally imposed climatic strains. Historically, major variations in climatic impact have led to corresponding large variations in building practice throughout the country - often well suited to local conditions. Today it is fair to say that sound building traditions and practice to some extent are being rejected in the quest for cost-effective solutions. Furthermore, projected changes in climatic conditions due to global warming will enhance the vulnerability within the built environment. The primary objectives of the present dissertation are to increase the knowledge about possible impacts of climate change on building envelope performance, and to analyse and update methods for the planning and design of external envelopes in relation to climatic impact. This is accomplished through the development of integrated approaches and improved methods for assessing impacts of external climatic parameters on building envelopes, combining knowledge on materials, structures and relevant climate data, applicable for both historical data and scenarios for climate change. The results will contribute to more accurate building physics design guidelines, promoting high-performance building envelopes in harsh climates. Approaches to assessments of the risks associated with climate change and buildings are suggested, identifying main areas of vulnerability in the construction industry. It is shown that there are benefits to be gained from the introduction of risk management strategies within a greater extent of the construction industry. A way of analysing the building economics of climate change is also proposed Analyses of building defects are necessary in order to further develop tools, solutions and preventive measures ensuring high-performance building envelopes. To illuminate the vulnerability of different building envelope elements under varying climatic exposure, a comprehensive analysis of empirical data gathered from process induced building defect assignments is carried out. The amount of building defects in Norway clearly illustrates that it is not only the extreme weather events that need to be studied as a foundation for adaptation towards a changing climate. Furthermore, the analyses of defects reveal a fundamental need for climate differentiated design guidelines. New and improved methods for geographically dependent design of building envelopes are proposed: A method for assessing the relative potential of frost decay or frost damage of porous, mineral building materials exposed to a given climate is developed. v
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Page 41 and 42: BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (200
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with large amounts of precipitation
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will most likely be worse, even wit
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Graves, H.M. & Phillipson, M.C. 200
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766 Nordvik and Lisø The topic of
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768 Nordvik and Lisø into the futu
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770 Nordvik and Lisø climate chang
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772 Nordvik and Lisø 0 Â Â = p d
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774 Nordvik and Lisø probably to a
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (200
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cost of repairing process-induced b
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change in quality (Mehus et al., 20
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on the impacts of different climati
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different strategies: risk-based, p
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Lisø, K.R./ Building envelope perf
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Learning from experience - an analy
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An important aspect of the programm
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Concrete walls 32 % LECA masonry 10
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construction industry, and academic
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (JAN
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greater variations (Lisø et al., 2
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Typical problem areas and recommend
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Figure 3b Recommended design of win
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Figure 7 Example showing the recomm
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Figure 11a Poor solution for a £as
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Acknowledgements This paper was wri
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Climate adapted design of masonry s
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2. Masonry defects in Norway 2.1. S
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Fig. 2. Example illustrations of th
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The presented results are in good a
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appropriate in a more severe type o
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screen in a two-stage weatherproofi
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INCREASED SNOW LOADS AND WIND ACTIO
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The hurricane (Beaufort number 12)
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The extensive revisions of the code
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The number of buildings investigate
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As is apparent from the values in t
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climate change is now dominated by
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TABLE 3. Summary of findings Struct
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Lisø, K.R./ Building envelope perf
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temperature of -4°C or less. See F
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Today, frost resistance of brick, c
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degree of saturation, freezing will
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accelerated frost damage or frost d
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A possible objection to the present
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[17] Dührkop H., Saretok V., Sneck
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Decay potential in wood structures
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Wood decaying fungi will only be ac
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to promote decay prevails. Two of t
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Acknowledgements This paper has bee
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(a driving rain gauge), however, is
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Fig. 1. Map of Norwayshowing the lo
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Frequency 25 20 15 10 5 0 highest p
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interesting to compare those result
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Effects of wind exposure on roof sn
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In ISO 4355 ”Bases for design of
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variety of roofs and wind exposures
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Li and Pomeroy [13] evaluated hourl
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Fig. 5. Exposure coefficients for 3
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meteorological stations are expecte
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Many of the meteorological stations
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the ground with return period of 30
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References [1] Standards Norway. De
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