Lisø PhD Dissertation Manuscript - NTNU

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Fig. 6. Mean winter temperature (ºC, December – February, weather data from the reference 30-year period 1961 – 1990). Norway also has large variations in snow loads (see Fig. 5). Characteristic snow loads on the ground varies from 1.5 kN/m 2 in coastal areas in the south up to 9.0 kN/m 2 in some inland areas (50-year return period). As documented, Norway has areas with high snow loads (Fig. 5) and high frequency of wind (Fig. 7). In these areas the wind affects roof snow loads, and the exposure coefficient is expected to achieve its lowest value. As seen in Fig. 4 the definition of the exposure coefficient as given in ISO 4355 does not point out these areas as areas where wind blows snow away from roofs. Page 12 of 17
Many of the meteorological stations with an exposure coefficient of 0.8 are situated in areas exposed to wind and snow (e.g. the mountainous areas of southern Norway and stations along the coastline). Exposure coefficients lower than 0.8 was therefore expected for these stations. Fig. 7. Days with wind velocity above 5 m/s in months with mean temperature 1 ºC or below for 389 meteorological stations (weather data from the reference 30-year period 1961 – 1990). Page 13 of 17
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Building envelope performance asses
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Lisø, K.R./ Building envelope perf
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (200
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LisÖ et al. on how to cope with an
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LisÖ et al. the exposure to contin
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LisÖ et al. business premises. The
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LisÖ et al. construction industry
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Research in Building Physics, Carme
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4 CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS FOR NORW
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with large amounts of precipitation
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will most likely be worse, even wit
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Graves, H.M. & Phillipson, M.C. 200
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766 Nordvik and Lisø The topic of
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768 Nordvik and Lisø into the futu
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770 Nordvik and Lisø climate chang
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772 Nordvik and Lisø 0 Â Â = p d
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774 Nordvik and Lisø probably to a
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (200
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cost of repairing process-induced b
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change in quality (Mehus et al., 20
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on the impacts of different climati
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different strategies: risk-based, p
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Learning from experience - an analy
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An important aspect of the programm
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Concrete walls 32 % LECA masonry 10
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construction industry, and academic
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (JAN
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greater variations (Lisø et al., 2
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Typical problem areas and recommend
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Figure 3b Recommended design of win
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Figure 7 Example showing the recomm
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Figure 11a Poor solution for a £as
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Acknowledgements This paper was wri
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Climate adapted design of masonry s
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2. Masonry defects in Norway 2.1. S
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Fig. 2. Example illustrations of th
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The presented results are in good a
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appropriate in a more severe type o
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screen in a two-stage weatherproofi
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INCREASED SNOW LOADS AND WIND ACTIO
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The hurricane (Beaufort number 12)
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The extensive revisions of the code
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The number of buildings investigate
Page 127 and 128: As is apparent from the values in t
Page 129 and 130: climate change is now dominated by
Page 131: TABLE 3. Summary of findings Struct
Page 134 and 135: Lisø, K.R./ Building envelope perf
Page 136 and 137: temperature of -4°C or less. See F
Page 138 and 139: Today, frost resistance of brick, c
Page 140 and 141: degree of saturation, freezing will
Page 142 and 143: accelerated frost damage or frost d
Page 144 and 145: A possible objection to the present
Page 146 and 147: [17] Dührkop H., Saretok V., Sneck
Page 149 and 150: Decay potential in wood structures
Page 151 and 152: Wood decaying fungi will only be ac
Page 153 and 154: to promote decay prevails. Two of t
Page 155: Acknowledgements This paper has bee
Page 158 and 159: (a driving rain gauge), however, is
Page 160 and 161: Fig. 1. Map of Norwayshowing the lo
Page 162 and 163: Frequency 25 20 15 10 5 0 highest p
Page 164 and 165: interesting to compare those result
Page 167 and 168: Effects of wind exposure on roof sn
Page 169 and 170: In ISO 4355 ”Bases for design of
Page 171 and 172: variety of roofs and wind exposures
Page 173 and 174: Li and Pomeroy [13] evaluated hourl
Page 175 and 176: Fig. 5. Exposure coefficients for 3
Page 177: meteorological stations are expecte
Page 181 and 182: the ground with return period of 30
Page 183: References [1] Standards Norway. De
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Lisø PhD Dissertation Manuscript - NTNU

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