Lisø PhD Dissertation Manuscript - NTNU

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Fig. 4. Winter temperature categories and winter wind categories as defined in ISO 4355 for 389 meteorological stations (weather data from the reference 30-year period 1961 – 1990). See also Table 1 for explanation. In Fig. 5 the exposure coefficients (according to ISO 4355) for 389 meteorological stations are presented. For 85 % of the meteorological stations the exposure coefficient is 0.8, for 8 % the value is 0.6, for 6 % the value is 1.0 while for 2 % the value is 0.5. Page 8 of 17
Fig. 5. Exposure coefficients for 389 meteorological stations (weather data from the reference 30-year period 1961 – 1990) and characteristic snow load on the ground (kN/m 2 , 50-year return period) for municipality centres. Six meteorological stations (2 %) achieve values of the exposure coefficient equal to 0.5. Two of these stations are situated in the mountains of southern Norway 1828 m and 2062 m above sea level, respectively. The other four stations are situated in the northernmost parts of Norwegian mainland, 70 degrees north at the gateway to the Northeast Passage and to the Barents Sea. Three of these stations are situated at lighthouses close to the sea and exposed to the weather. Only one station is situated in a settled area: “Vardø radio” in Vardø. Page 9 of 17
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Building envelope performance asses
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Lisø, K.R./ Building envelope perf
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (200
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LisÖ et al. on how to cope with an
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LisÖ et al. the exposure to contin
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LisÖ et al. business premises. The
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LisÖ et al. construction industry
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Research in Building Physics, Carme
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4 CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS FOR NORW
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with large amounts of precipitation
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will most likely be worse, even wit
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Graves, H.M. & Phillipson, M.C. 200
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766 Nordvik and Lisø The topic of
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768 Nordvik and Lisø into the futu
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770 Nordvik and Lisø climate chang
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772 Nordvik and Lisø 0 Â Â = p d
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774 Nordvik and Lisø probably to a
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (200
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cost of repairing process-induced b
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change in quality (Mehus et al., 20
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on the impacts of different climati
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different strategies: risk-based, p
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Learning from experience - an analy
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An important aspect of the programm
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Concrete walls 32 % LECA masonry 10
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construction industry, and academic
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BUILDING RESEARCH &INFORMATION (JAN
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greater variations (Lisø et al., 2
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Typical problem areas and recommend
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Figure 3b Recommended design of win
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Figure 7 Example showing the recomm
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Figure 11a Poor solution for a £as
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Acknowledgements This paper was wri
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Climate adapted design of masonry s
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2. Masonry defects in Norway 2.1. S
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Fig. 2. Example illustrations of th
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The presented results are in good a
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appropriate in a more severe type o
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screen in a two-stage weatherproofi
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INCREASED SNOW LOADS AND WIND ACTIO
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The hurricane (Beaufort number 12)
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Page 127 and 128: As is apparent from the values in t
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Page 131: TABLE 3. Summary of findings Struct
Page 134 and 135: Lisø, K.R./ Building envelope perf
Page 136 and 137: temperature of -4°C or less. See F
Page 138 and 139: Today, frost resistance of brick, c
Page 140 and 141: degree of saturation, freezing will
Page 142 and 143: accelerated frost damage or frost d
Page 144 and 145: A possible objection to the present
Page 146 and 147: [17] Dührkop H., Saretok V., Sneck
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Page 153 and 154: to promote decay prevails. Two of t
Page 155: Acknowledgements This paper has bee
Page 158 and 159: (a driving rain gauge), however, is
Page 160 and 161: Fig. 1. Map of Norwayshowing the lo
Page 162 and 163: Frequency 25 20 15 10 5 0 highest p
Page 164 and 165: interesting to compare those result
Page 167 and 168: Effects of wind exposure on roof sn
Page 169 and 170: In ISO 4355 ”Bases for design of
Page 171 and 172: variety of roofs and wind exposures
Page 173: Li and Pomeroy [13] evaluated hourl
Page 177 and 178: meteorological stations are expecte
Page 179 and 180: Many of the meteorological stations
Page 181 and 182: the ground with return period of 30
Page 183: References [1] Standards Norway. De
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Lisø PhD Dissertation Manuscript - NTNU

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