Franz Brentano_The True and the Evident.pdf

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44 The True and the Evident concepts, which is revealed only in experience, and we would become entangled in erroneous conclusions. Here, then, is the new thesis. I am aware that it is far-reaching, for all abstracta are now to be counted as delusions. They are useful as ways of speaking. Even Copernicus, for all his enlightenment, found it convenient to speak in Ptolemaic terms of the rising and setting of the sun. And in mathematics, it is convenient to be able to speak of infinitesimals, imaginary quantities, negative quantities, irrational numbers, and improper fractions, despite the fact that mathematicians are fully aware of the intrinsic absurdity of these products of the mind. Even space and time, then, would not be anything real (to this extent we are with the Idealists), and virtue would be only an empty word (despite our adherence to that which serves the ethical good). 2 A concession should be made to Nominalism; not that Nominalism is correct, however, but only that certain errors can be purged from the opposing theory. 3
1. We speak in sentences. II THE EQUIVOCAL USE OF THE TERM “EXISTENT” (September 1904) 2. And we do this in order to indicate that there is something about which we have certain thoughts or feelings. 4 3. “To indicate” is to make known to another person. 4. Only primary sentences are sentences in the logical sense. 5. These are the genuine sentences. 5 If I were to represent others dramatically, by quoting them directly, then what is grammatically the primary sentence would be logically only a subordinate sentence. 6. And on the other hand, particles such as “Yes” and “No”, which are neither subordinate sentences nor primary sentences from the point of view of grammar, may yet be sentences in the logical sense. 7. Just as we call “this” a pronoun, we might call “Yes” a prosentence. 8. From a logical point of view, the primary sentences are of two kinds: those which express one’s judgements, in the purely intellectual sense, and those which express one’s feelings. The latter are imperatives in the widest sense of the word. “Be it so!” “Do this!” 9. A sign of a judgement about one’s feelings or emotions may also serve indirectly as a sign of these feelings or emotions themselves. 10. Every part of even the smallest complete and meaningful utterance is a “particle” in the widest sense of the word. 6 11. So, too, for the letters, syllables, and words constituting the structure of any complete sentence. And these, not only when they are names, but also when they are verbs, adverbs, casus obliqui, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. Nouns, adjectives, and numerals are names. 7 12. The particles are synsemantic.
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Routledge Revivals The True and the
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Translated from the German WAHREIT
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x Contents To Anton Marty, 2 Septem
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xii Preface fortune to be able to c
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INTRODUCTION by OSKAR KRAUS I. ON T
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xvi Introduction to the confusion.*
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xviii Introduction of view—just a
Page 16 and 17: xx Introduction 9. The dictations o
Page 18 and 19: xxii Introduction These irrealia, o
Page 20 and 21: xxiv Introduction 13. Ehrenfels has
Page 22 and 23: xxvi Introduction The motivation be
Page 24 and 25: I ON THE CONCEPT OF TRUTH (Lecture
Page 26 and 27: 4 The True and the Evident 9. What,
Page 28 and 29: 6 The True and the Evident 16. In t
Page 30 and 31: 8 The True and the Evident No furth
Page 32 and 33: 10 The True and the Evident of cert
Page 34 and 35: 12 The True and the Evident this ex
Page 36 and 37: 14 The True and the Evident be give
Page 38 and 39: 16 The True and the Evident referen
Page 40 and 41: II BEING IN THE SENSE OF THE TRUE (
Page 42 and 43: III DESCARTES’ CLASSIFICATION OF
Page 44 and 45: 22 The True and the Evident somethi
Page 46 and 47: 24 The True and the Evident Psychol
Page 48 and 49: 26 The True and the Evident Unfortu
Page 50 and 51: 28 The True and the Evident logicia
Page 52 and 53: 30 The True and the Evident which i
Page 54 and 55: 32 The True and the Evident There i
Page 56 and 57: 34 The True and the Evident Are we
Page 58 and 59: 36 The True and the Evident way. On
Page 60 and 61: 38 The True and the Evident It is c
Page 62 and 63: 40 The True and the Evident is basi
Page 64 and 65: Part Two TRANSITION TO THE LATER VI
Page 68 and 69: 46 The True and the Evident 13. But
Page 70 and 71: 48 The True and the Evident each of
Page 72 and 73: 50 The True and the Evident 8. Such
Page 74 and 75: I ON THE SO-CALLED “IMMANENT OR I
Page 76 and 77: II ENS RATIONIS AND ENS IRREALE To
Page 78 and 79: III IN OPPOSITION TO THE SO-CALLED
Page 80 and 81: 58 The True and the Evident When do
Page 82 and 83: 60 The True and the Evident I have
Page 84 and 85: 62 The True and the Evident the con
Page 86 and 87: 64 The True and the Evident to supp
Page 88 and 89: 66 The True and the Evident degree
Page 90 and 91: 68 The True and the Evident concept
Page 92 and 93: 70 The True and the Evident non-exi
Page 94 and 95: Part Four THE LATER VIEW AS SET FOR
Page 96 and 97: 74 The True and the Evident 6. And
Page 98 and 99: 76 The True and the Evident 14. Any
Page 100 and 101: II ON THE MEANING OF “VERITAS EST
Page 102 and 103: 80 The True and the Evident that re
Page 104 and 105: 82 The True and the Evident in whic
Page 106 and 107: 84 The True and the Evident would s
Page 108 and 109: 86 The True and the Evident 6. If e
Page 110 and 111: VI ON THE EVIDENT (Fragment of 12 J
Page 112 and 113: APPENDICES
Page 114 and 115: 92 Appendix 1: On the General Valid
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94 Appendix 1: On the General Valid
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2 ON THE ORIGIN OF THE ERRONEOUS DO
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NOTES by Oskar Kraus
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100 Notes between saying (i) that i
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102 Notes and futural thinking are
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104 Notes 20 Later Brentano declare
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106 Notes he held instead that the
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108 Notes any kind of a thing, and
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110 Notes given in some way or othe
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112 Notes 15 “Meaning” is here
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114 Notes The Rehmke school refuses
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116 Notes in the sentence “The tr
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118 Notes 24 Compare the letter abo
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120 Notes 39 Brentano’s expressio
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122 Notes these consequences, which
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124 Notes someone who is judging wi
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126 Notes 4 Brentano’s hope of le
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INDEX abstracta, 63-4, 71, 162, 178
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130 Index Husserl, E., xv, xvi, xvi
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132 Index propositions; see content
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