The Categorial Status of Body Part Prepositions in Valley Zapotec ...

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Table 16. Results for Lorena 6;4 Body Part BP Locative meaning correct incorrect meaning correct incorrect cwe'eh 'side' 2 0 'beside' 0 2 dehts 'back' 2 0 'behind' 0 2 gue'ehcy 'head' 2 0 'on top of' 0 2 làa'iny 'stomach' 2 0 'in' 0 2 lohoh 'face' 2 0 'on, in front of' 0 2 ni'ih 'foot' 2 0 'under, beneath' 0 2 ru'uh 'mouth' 2 0 'at the edge of' 0 2 zh:ààa'n 'bottom' 2 0 'behind, under' 0 2 Why would she get all of the preposition questions wrong? Had she misunderstood the task? This seems unlikely since we went directly from the body part test to the preposition test. I asked her if the second book was harder, and she said no. Had she misunderstood the syntax of the relative clause in the locatives test? Perhaps her results are a reflection of her language loss. Although Lorena's results are difficult to interpret, they certainly do not argue against the proposal that there is a categorial difference between the body part and locational uses of these terms. In fact, if body part terms used in locative constructions were metaphorical extensions of the noun, one might predict that Lorena would have been able to answer many questions correctly in the body part locative task, since she clearly had acquired all of the body part nouns. 4.3.3 Andrea Andrea was learning both SLQZ and Spanish as her first languages. She knew 7 of the 8 body parts tested: cwe'eh 'side' and làa'iny 'stomach' were identified correctly 4 out of 4 times; gue'ehcy 'head', lohoh 'face', ni'ih 'foot', and zh:ààa'n 'bottom' 3 out of 4 times; and ru'uh 'mouth' was identified correctly 2 out of 3 times. 57
She seemed to know four of the prepositions: làa'iny 'in' and zh:ààa'n 'behind' she answered correctly 4 out of 4 times; lohoh 'on, in front of' and ni'ih 'under' she answered correctly 3 out of 4 times. The compiled results are given in Table 17; the numbers in bold correspond to meanings that she seemed to have acquired. Table 17. Results for Andrea 2;3 Body Part BP Locative meaning correct incorrect meaning correct incorrect cwe'eh 'side' 4 0 'beside' 2 2 dehts 'back' 1 2 'behind' 1 3 gue'ehcy 'head' 3 1 'on top of' 2 2 làa'iny 'stomach' 4 0 'in' 4 0 lohoh 'face' 3 1 'on, in front of' 3 1 ni'ih 'foot' 3 1 'under, beneath' 3 1 ru'uh 'mouth' 2 1 'at the edge of' 2 2 zh:ààa'n 'bottom' 3 1 'behind, under' 4 0 4.3.4 Vanesa Vanesa was the youngest of all the children tested. She seemed to know four of the eight body parts: gue'ehcy 'head' was identified correctly 4 out of 4 times; dehts 'back' and lohoh 'face' 3 out of 4 times. Ni'ih 'foot' was identified correctly only correctly 2 out of 4 times, but both times she answered correctly, she also pointed to her own foot before answering. Because of this, it is difficult to say that she did not know this word. Vanesa seemed to know five of the prepositions tested: cwe'eh 'beside', lohoh 'on, in front of', dehts 'behind' was identified correctly 4 out of 4 times; ni'ih 'under' 3 out of 4 times; and she correctly identified làa'iny 'in' 2 out of 3 trials. These results are summarized below. 58
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angele
Page 4 and 5:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Sign
Page 6 and 7:
4.4.1 Dissociation between Acquisit
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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of M
Page 10 and 11:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank
Page 12 and 13:
The Categorial Status of Body Part
Page 14 and 15:
SLQZ has been described in a dictio
Page 16 and 17:
VZ languages have six vowels, as pr
Page 18 and 19: . Nàa're' zòob=a' làa'iny co'ch.
Page 20 and 21: Other linguists have commented on t
Page 22 and 23: Table 4. Possessed Body Parts in Va
Page 24 and 25: tables are not intended to be an ex
Page 26 and 27: cannot, even though it seems as tho
Page 28 and 29: other possessed nouns should also o
Page 30 and 31: constructions are nouns, one would
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3. Snake on Upside-down Car
Page 34 and 35: Figure 5. Snake under Car Figure 6.
Page 36 and 37: If one were to analyze BP prepositi
Page 38 and 39: Constructions using directional ver
Page 40 and 41: 2.9.3 Projecting Space This extensi
Page 42 and 43: . Rbèez=a' làa'iny Sann Lu'uc. (S
Page 44 and 45: allow for some types of morpho-synt
Page 46 and 47: Table 11. BP Terms as Prepositions
Page 48 and 49: 3.1.3 Queque 'head' I found no inst
Page 50 and 51: 3.2 Examples of Body Part Prepositi
Page 52 and 53: (39) Co721, page 5, lines 12-15 Laa
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.3 Rua 'at the edge of' The only
Page 56 and 57: 4.1 Participants Four children were
Page 58 and 59: The children were tested in their h
Page 60 and 61: epresenting the picture on the left
Page 62 and 63: Table 14. Body Part Test Left Pictu
Page 64 and 65: while still natural. Upon consultat
Page 66 and 67: Table 15. Body Part Preposition Tes
Page 70 and 71: Table 18. Results for Vanesa 1;6 Bo
Page 72 and 73: Table 20. SLQZ Acquisition of Body
Page 74 and 75: In an earlier paper, Jensen de Lóp
Page 76 and 77: 4.5 Conclusions There is no evidenc
Page 78 and 79: References Córdova, Fr. Juan de. 1
Page 80 and 81: Lillehaugen, Brook Danielle. to app
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