The Categorial Status of Body Part Prepositions in Valley Zapotec ...

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Table 14. Body Part Test Left Picture Right Picture Question Asked 1 ni'ih lohoh Cu'an ni'ih bùunny? 'foot' 'face' 'Where is the person's foot?' 2 lohoh cwe'eh Cu'an loh bùunny? 'face' 'side' 'Where is the person's face?' 3 dehts ru'uh Cu'an ru'uh bùunny? 'back' 'mouth' 'Where is the person's mouth?' 4 ni'ih gue'ehcy Cu'an gue'ehcy bùunny? 'foot' 'head' 'Where is the person's head?' 5 làa'iny cwe'eh Cu'an làa'iny bùunny? 'stomach' 'side' 'Where is the person's stomach?' 6 zh:ààa'n lohoh Cu'an zh:àa'n bùunny? 'bottom' 'face' 'Where is the person's bottom?' 7 ni'ih dehts Cu'an dehts bunny? 'foot' 'back' 'Where is the person's back?' 8 cwe'eh lohoh Cu'an cwe'eh bùunny? 'side' 'face' 'Where is the person's side?' 9 ni'ih lohoh Cu'an loh bùunny? 'foot' 'face' 'Where is the person's face?' 10 gue'ehcy làa'iny Cu'an làa'iny bùunny? 'head' 'stomach' 'Where is the person's stomach?' 11 ni'ih cwe'eh Cu'an cwe'eh bùunny? 'foot' 'side' 'Where is the person's side?' 12 cwe'eh ni'ih Cu'an ni'ih bùunny? 'side' 'foot' 'Where is the person's foot?' 13 ru'uh làa'iny Cu'an ru'uh bùunny? 'mouth' 'stomach' 'Where is the person's mouth?' 14 làa'iny zh:ààa'n Cu'an zh:ààa'n bùunny? 'stomach' 'bottom' 'Where is the person's bottom?' 15 dehts lohoh Cu'an dehts bùunny? 'back' 'face' 'Where is the person's back?' 16 gue'ehcy zh:ààa'n Cu'an gue'ehcy bùunny? 'head' 'bottom' 'Where is the person's head?' 51
4.2.3 Body Part Locative Test As with the body parts, every BP locative was tested twice. Each time it was tested, it was tested opposite a different BP locative term and the matching picture occurred on different sides in each trial. In addition, the type of locational verb used had to be controlled for. Unlike in English, there is no single VZ verb, like is, that can be used in any type of simple locative sentence, such as The book is on the table,or The ball is beside the chair. Instead, in SLQZ, there are a small number of locational verbs that can be used. The choice of locational verb seems to depend on features of the figure more than on features of the ground; e.g. one verb is used to describe a cup on a table, but a different verb has to be used to describe a ball on a table. In this test, five locational verbs were used, which are listed here with definitions from Munro and Lopez (1999): bèe'b 'is located on' [usually a raised surface]; nàa'tga'ah 'is lying down, is (located) in a lying position'; nu'uh 'exists (in a location)' [often has a habitual sense]; zuu 'is standing, is located (standing)'; zùub 'is sitting; is located, exists (sitting or projecting).' In order to ensure that the only difference between the matching and non-matching pictures was the preposition, we chose pictures that could be described using the same locational verb, as verified by a native speaker. The question asked of the children for each pair was on the model: Cu'an FIGURE nih LOC.VERB PREP GROUND? 'Where is the FIGURE that is PREP GROUND?'; for example, Cu'an bèe'cw nih zùub ni'ih me'es? 'Where is the dog that is under the table?' and Cu'an ta's nih zùub loh me'es? 'Where is the cup that is on the table?' We wanted to choose a question that was syntactically relatively uncomplicated 52
Page 1:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angele
Page 4 and 5:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Sign
Page 6 and 7:
4.4.1 Dissociation between Acquisit
Page 8 and 9:
TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of M
Page 10 and 11:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank
Page 12 and 13: The Categorial Status of Body Part
Page 14 and 15: SLQZ has been described in a dictio
Page 16 and 17: VZ languages have six vowels, as pr
Page 18 and 19: . Nàa're' zòob=a' làa'iny co'ch.
Page 20 and 21: Other linguists have commented on t
Page 22 and 23: Table 4. Possessed Body Parts in Va
Page 24 and 25: tables are not intended to be an ex
Page 26 and 27: cannot, even though it seems as tho
Page 28 and 29: other possessed nouns should also o
Page 30 and 31: constructions are nouns, one would
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3. Snake on Upside-down Car
Page 34 and 35: Figure 5. Snake under Car Figure 6.
Page 36 and 37: If one were to analyze BP prepositi
Page 38 and 39: Constructions using directional ver
Page 40 and 41: 2.9.3 Projecting Space This extensi
Page 42 and 43: . Rbèez=a' làa'iny Sann Lu'uc. (S
Page 44 and 45: allow for some types of morpho-synt
Page 46 and 47: Table 11. BP Terms as Prepositions
Page 48 and 49: 3.1.3 Queque 'head' I found no inst
Page 50 and 51: 3.2 Examples of Body Part Prepositi
Page 52 and 53: (39) Co721, page 5, lines 12-15 Laa
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.3 Rua 'at the edge of' The only
Page 56 and 57: 4.1 Participants Four children were
Page 58 and 59: The children were tested in their h
Page 60 and 61: epresenting the picture on the left
Page 64 and 65: while still natural. Upon consultat
Page 66 and 67: Table 15. Body Part Preposition Tes
Page 68 and 69: Table 16. Results for Lorena 6;4 Bo
Page 70 and 71: Table 18. Results for Vanesa 1;6 Bo
Page 72 and 73: Table 20. SLQZ Acquisition of Body
Page 74 and 75: In an earlier paper, Jensen de Lóp
Page 76 and 77: 4.5 Conclusions There is no evidenc
Page 78 and 79: References Córdova, Fr. Juan de. 1
Page 80 and 81: Lillehaugen, Brook Danielle. to app
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