The Categorial Status of Body Part Prepositions in Valley Zapotec ...

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4.1 Participants Four children were tested: Vanesa 1;6, Andrea 2;3, Lorena 6;4, and Manuel 7;11. 12 At the time, Vanesa was learning SLQZ as her primary language and also had Spanish input. Andrea was learning both SLQZ and Spanish as her first languages. Lorena initially learned SLQZ as her only language, until age 3, when she began learning Spanish. At age 3;5 she began learning English. At the time I worked with her, she was English and Spanish dominant. Manuel learned only Spanish until age 1;5, when he began learning SLQZ. Like Lorena, he was dominant in English and Spanish. The relevant data for most of this paper is from the two youngest girls, Vanesa and Andrea. This experiment was conducted in March 2001. Previous to this study, I had observed the children for another project, so they all knew me and were used to speaking Zapotec in front of me. 4.2 Experimental Design In order to test the children's understanding of body parts and BP locatives, two forced-choice picture identification tasks were designed, testing the eight words listed in Table 12. Each word was tested twice in each task; 16 questions for body parts and 16 questions for BP locatives, for a total of 32 questions. The tests were run twice on the two younger girls, on separate occasions, but only once on the two older children. 12 The age range is so wide because I tested all the children that were present in the home of the two youngest girls. 45
Table 12. Body Part Terms Tested SLQZ body part meaning locative meaning cwe'eh (95) 'side' 'beside' dehts (104) 'back' 'behind' gue'ehcy (123) 'head' 'on top of' làa'iny (142) 'stomach' 'in' lohoh (156) 'face' 'on, in front of' ni'ih (181) 'foot' 'under, beneath' ru'uh (303) 'mouth' 'at the edge of' zh:ààa'n (384) 'bottom' 'behind, under' Numbers in parentheses following the words refer to page numbers in Munro and Lopez 1999. Along with each question the child was shown two pictures (one that corresponded to the question being asked, and one that did not). For example, the child was shown a picture of a foot and a picture of a head, as in Figure 8 below, and was asked Cu'an gue'ehcy bùunny? 'Where is the person's head?' (The form of the question will be discussed in 4.2.2.) The picture on the right (a head) corresponds to the question, whereas the picture on the left (a foot) does not. Figure 8. Sample Picture Pair for Body Part Test: Cu'an gue'ehcy bùunny? (head) 46
Page 1:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angele
Page 4 and 5:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Sign
Page 6 and 7: 4.4.1 Dissociation between Acquisit
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of M
Page 10 and 11: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank
Page 12 and 13: The Categorial Status of Body Part
Page 14 and 15: SLQZ has been described in a dictio
Page 16 and 17: VZ languages have six vowels, as pr
Page 18 and 19: . Nàa're' zòob=a' làa'iny co'ch.
Page 20 and 21: Other linguists have commented on t
Page 22 and 23: Table 4. Possessed Body Parts in Va
Page 24 and 25: tables are not intended to be an ex
Page 26 and 27: cannot, even though it seems as tho
Page 28 and 29: other possessed nouns should also o
Page 30 and 31: constructions are nouns, one would
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3. Snake on Upside-down Car
Page 34 and 35: Figure 5. Snake under Car Figure 6.
Page 36 and 37: If one were to analyze BP prepositi
Page 38 and 39: Constructions using directional ver
Page 40 and 41: 2.9.3 Projecting Space This extensi
Page 42 and 43: . Rbèez=a' làa'iny Sann Lu'uc. (S
Page 44 and 45: allow for some types of morpho-synt
Page 46 and 47: Table 11. BP Terms as Prepositions
Page 48 and 49: 3.1.3 Queque 'head' I found no inst
Page 50 and 51: 3.2 Examples of Body Part Prepositi
Page 52 and 53: (39) Co721, page 5, lines 12-15 Laa
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.3 Rua 'at the edge of' The only
Page 58 and 59: The children were tested in their h
Page 60 and 61: epresenting the picture on the left
Page 62 and 63: Table 14. Body Part Test Left Pictu
Page 64 and 65: while still natural. Upon consultat
Page 66 and 67: Table 15. Body Part Preposition Tes
Page 68 and 69: Table 16. Results for Lorena 6;4 Bo
Page 70 and 71: Table 18. Results for Vanesa 1;6 Bo
Page 72 and 73: Table 20. SLQZ Acquisition of Body
Page 74 and 75: In an earlier paper, Jensen de Lóp
Page 76 and 77: 4.5 Conclusions There is no evidenc
Page 78 and 79: References Córdova, Fr. Juan de. 1
Page 80 and 81: Lillehaugen, Brook Danielle. to app
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