Dissertation_A Bick_May 25 - DataSpace at Princeton University
Dissertation_A Bick_May 25 - DataSpace at Princeton University Dissertation_A Bick_May 25 - DataSpace at Princeton University
was flirting with complete collapse. This dim view, incidentally, was not the result of a long- standing prejudice against the WIC or its directors: as late as December 1644 Alexander asked his brother to buy an additional 6,000 guilders worth of stock on the open market for 55 guilders a share. 58 At that point—only six months before he penned the lines above—he either believed that this figure represented a bargain or he was committed to investing for reasons of pride and prestige. 59 In either case, he presumably believed that the company's fortunes stood a reasonable chance of improving. Now Alexander worried that the company would have trouble finding anyone fit to assume the office of President. The directors desired someone with a lower profile than Maurits, whom they could more easily control. But who would accept such a position? Alexander's comments concerning his own candidacy, which apparently came as a complete surprise, were unequivocal: I have always said, and had written to my brother, that I had no reason to go so far over the sea in the service of merchants, and that it would still not appeal to me if the contract, now grown to 1,800 guilders per month, was made still greater. 60 uytdeilongen of renten te cesseren, ende alle het inkomen van de Compagnie geabsorbeert te worden in de swaere lasten van oorlogh, ende onderhoudinghe van Forten ende Comtooren. Daer quamen wel goede retouren van Brasil ende Nieuw Nederlandt, als oock van de kust van Africa; maer d'openstellinge van de handel in Brasil dede alle, ofte de beste retouren komen in handen van particuliere reeders, die by de Bewinthebberen wierden gefavoriseert. Alle die uyt Brasil wederomme t'huys quamen, waren verryckt.” 58 See Alexander van der Capellen's rekenboeck in the Gelders Archief, 0467, inv.nr. 134, fol. 49. 59 Evidence for the latter motivation might be read in his reference to "a capital of 100,000 guilders," the investment threshold required for a city to merit a director in the Amsterdam chamber. 60 Van der Capellen, Gedenkschriften van Jonkheer Alexander van der Capellen, Heere van Aartsbergen, Boedelhoff, en Mervelt, vol. 2, 111. “De titul ende macht van President, versien met goede instructie, wierde geordeelt de meeste ende aengenaemste diensten te kunnen doen, maer men wiste niet, waer men de persoon daertoe bequaemst soude kunnen vinden, tot dat by de vergaderinghe geresolveert wiert, daertoe vyf voorgestelde ende de Cameren aengenaeme persoonen te fondeeren, daeronder ick Alexander van der Capellen een was, ende gestelt wierde voor aen, hoewel butn myn kennisse, toedoen ofte versoeck. Als nu myn broeder my dese sake bekent gemaeckt hadde, ende ick die by my overleyt, hebbe ick altydt geseyt, ende myn Broeder geschreven gehadt, dat ick geen reden hadde, om soo wydt over See te gaen in dienst van coopluden, konde oock daertoe geen treck krygen, alwaer 't dat het tractement, nu begrootet op 1800. gulden ter maendt, noch grooter gemaeckt mochte worden.” 153
None of the remaining records indicate that such a sum was on offer, though given the company's desperation it is certainly not inconceivable. But Alexander went further still, offering a bit of advice from classical history on what he believed was needed to get the company back on its feet: In order to restore all the affairs of the company, for the good of the generality and the satisfaction of the participants, it would be necessary not only to know the various needs of the company in Brazil, but also to have the power and authority here in the general meetings of the XIX, and in the respective chambers of Holland, Zeeland, and Groningen. The Romans, finding themselves in such a position of weakness, where the well-being of the Republic was in jeopardy, sought remedy in the installment of a Dictator, and therein found relief. 61 Here Alexander was no longer talking about the company's military conquests abroad or its finances at home: the key trouble, in his view, was political. Competition and the endless bickering between chambers was undermining the company's effectiveness. No individual could be successful in Brazil without unified authority and support—least of all a political lightweight selected explicitly for his pliability in the hands of the company's directors. Such a post could hardly be appealing to a nobleman, especially with memories of Maurits' involuntary recall still fresh. 62 This same antipathy to the company's directors can be found in the diary of Willem Frederik (1613-1664), a nephew of Frederik Hendrik and the Stadholder of Friesland, where he maintained a separate court. In an entry from August 1643, Frederik noted that Maurits always had been mistreated by the company's directors, from whom he could expect nothing “but 61 Ibid., 112-113. “Tot herstellinghe van alle dese saken in sulken staet, dat de gewenschte vruchten daer uyt mochten resulteeren, tot dienst van 't landt in 't gemeen ende genoegen van de participanten, was niet alleene wysheyt van nooden, om alles wel dirigeeren in Brasil, maer oock macht en autoriteyt, om goede voorslagen te doen hebben effect hier te lande onder de generale vergaderinghe van XIX, ende in de respective Cameren in Hollant, Zeelant ende Groningen. De Romeynen, komende te vervallen in groote swarigheyden, daer by de welstandt van haer Republique pericliteerde, sochten haer remedien in 't aenstellen van een Dictateur, ende hebben sich daer wel by bevonden.” 62 It may be worth noting that, even in the age of the joint-stock company, classical scholarship still provided important guidance for practical affairs. 154
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was flirting with complete collapse. This dim view, incidentally, was not the result of a long-<br />
standing prejudice against the WIC or its directors: as l<strong>at</strong>e as December 1644 Alexander asked<br />
his brother to buy an additional 6,000 guilders worth of stock on the open market for 55 guilders<br />
a share. 58 At th<strong>at</strong> point—only six months before he penned the lines above—he either believed<br />
th<strong>at</strong> this figure represented a bargain or he was committed to investing for reasons of pride and<br />
prestige. 59 In either case, he presumably believed th<strong>at</strong> the company's fortunes stood a reasonable<br />
chance of improving.<br />
Now Alexander worried th<strong>at</strong> the company would have trouble finding anyone fit to<br />
assume the office of President. The directors desired someone with a lower profile than Maurits,<br />
whom they could more easily control. But who would accept such a position? Alexander's<br />
comments concerning his own candidacy, which apparently came as a complete surprise, were<br />
unequivocal:<br />
I have always said, and had written to my brother, th<strong>at</strong> I had no reason to go so far over the sea in<br />
the service of merchants, and th<strong>at</strong> it would still not appeal to me if the contract, now grown to<br />
1,800 guilders per month, was made still gre<strong>at</strong>er. 60<br />
<br />
uytdeilongen of renten te cesseren, ende alle het inkomen van de Compagnie geabsorbeert te worden in de swaere<br />
lasten van oorlogh, ende onderhoudinghe van Forten ende Comtooren. Daer quamen wel goede retouren van Brasil<br />
ende Nieuw Nederlandt, als oock van de kust van Africa; maer d'openstellinge van de handel in Brasil dede alle, ofte<br />
de beste retouren komen in handen van particuliere reeders, die by de Bewinthebberen wierden gefavoriseert. Alle<br />
die uyt Brasil wederomme t'huys quamen, waren verryckt.”<br />
58 See Alexander van der Capellen's rekenboeck in the Gelders Archief, 0467, inv.nr. 134, fol. 49.<br />
59 Evidence for the l<strong>at</strong>ter motiv<strong>at</strong>ion might be read in his reference to "a capital of 100,000 guilders," the investment<br />
threshold required for a city to merit a director in the Amsterdam chamber.<br />
60 Van der Capellen, Gedenkschriften van Jonkheer Alexander van der Capellen, Heere van Aartsbergen,<br />
Boedelhoff, en Mervelt, vol. 2, 111. “De titul ende macht van President, versien met goede instructie, wierde<br />
geordeelt de meeste ende aengenaemste diensten te kunnen doen, maer men wiste niet, waer men de persoon daertoe<br />
bequaemst soude kunnen vinden, tot d<strong>at</strong> by de vergaderinghe geresolveert wiert, daertoe vyf voorgestelde ende de<br />
Cameren aengenaeme persoonen te fondeeren, daeronder ick Alexander van der Capellen een was, ende gestelt<br />
wierde voor aen, hoewel butn myn kennisse, toedoen ofte versoeck. Als nu myn broeder my dese sake bekent<br />
gemaeckt hadde, ende ick die by my overleyt, hebbe ick altydt geseyt, ende myn Broeder geschreven gehadt, d<strong>at</strong> ick<br />
geen reden hadde, om soo wydt over See te gaen in dienst van coopluden, konde oock daertoe geen treck krygen,<br />
alwaer 't d<strong>at</strong> het tractement, nu begrootet op 1800. gulden ter maendt, noch grooter gemaeckt mochte worden.”<br />
153