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others. A child may receive the intelligence and tallness from the father, and the colors of hair and
eyes from the mother. Asserting this point, Mendel says, “Majority of the genetic qualities move
from one or both origins to the new generation without any separation or changeability.”
Individuals may receive the forefathers’ physical and mental qualities. Dr. Alexis Karl says, “Time
extends just like the extension in emptiness beyond physical edges. Individuals’ boundaries are
not more accurate or firmer than their extensive boundaries are. Individuals are connected to the
past and the future through the essences that cannot extend to the present. As everybody knows,
our individualities are brought forth when the spermatozoa find a place in the ova. The elements
of essence are existent before that process. They are scattering in the tissues of our parents and
forefathers because we are made from the cell materials of our forefathers and foremothers.
Those materials stopped in the past on unanalyzed organic states. In our souls, we carry
diminutive pieces of the precedents’ bodies. Our qualities and defects are the extension of our
precedents’ qualities and defects.”
This view states openly that sons and grandsons inherit most of the forefathers’ mental and
physical qualities unwillingly and involuntarily.
Heredity and Environment:
The roles of the environment in the mental composition are still ambiguous. There is also a
prevalent belief that the environmental changes influence heredity. Through many thirty‐year
experimental studies on plants, animals and human beings, hereditists could subvert this thought
when they proved that the environment is no more than a secondary factor of heredity. The
environment can decide the emergence and extents of the qualities and their growth. Therefore,
heredity selects the constant factors, while the environment selects the changeable.
The environment would never produce matters that are contrary to heredity because it is not
subjected to the factors of changeability and variableness.[1]
Islam and Laws of Heredity
Islam preceded the psychologists and the geneticists in referring to many effects and phenomena
of heredity, proving its positive role in the individuals’ sound composition.
The Prophet (s) said, “The knave have been knave since they have been in their mothers’
abdomens, and the auspicious have been auspicious since they have been in their mothers’
abdomens.”
This prophetic saying indicates that the genetic elements give the fetuses either fortune ‐when
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