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except refuse, which none but the wrongdoers eat.
Is this better as an entertainment or the tree of Zaqqum? Surely, it is a tree that grows in the
bottom of the hell. Its produce is as it were the heads of the serpents. Then most surely they shall
eat of it and fill their bellies with it. Then most surely they shall have after it to drink of a mixture
prepared in boiling water.
The Quran refers to many horrifying texts that fill in the minds with tense hazard and fear of God’s
castigation. Such texts will absolutely establish barriers against disobeying God and perpetrating
evil and sinful deeds.
The world of expectancy and fear is the most effective for achieving self‐control completely.
Through this splendid method, Islam has obtained conscience monition and constituted a
controller, which inhibits and impedes the leaps, on the other mental impulses.
MENTAL VIRTUES
Owing to the great concern of Islam in the mental virtues, it has dedicated a specific course
leading to personal adhesion and abnormality besides the marks of every honorable tendency and
virtuous quality. Herewith, we will refer precisely to some of such virtues.
CHASTITY
Ethicists define chastity, as the self‐control and equanimity of the inclinations to desires including
the bodily, like eating and the like, and the mental, like agitations and emotions. The quality of
chastity is applied to those who are moderate in all of these states. This virtue aims at achieving
people’s self‐restraint away from being the slaves of lusts and inclinations. The reports of the
Imams regarding this virtue have been uninterrupted. Imam Ali said, “Chastity is the best of
worship.” Imam al‐Baqir said, “No worship is preferred to the chastity of the abdomen and the
genitals.”
This virtue saves man from a great deal of mental and physical diseases and ill manners, such as
gluttony, fornication, greed, squandering, rage, hatred, blabber, and many others.
Chastity pushes man to a general rectitude. It dismisses the quality of overeating that brings about
many diseases and causes repetitive visits to clinics. The holy Quran encouraged on adhering to
the virtue. God says:
Eat, drink and be not extravagant.
Besides, the extravagant abstinence and avoidance of the good matter that God has deemed
lawful are excluded from chastity, which is merely the moderation. God says:
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