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learning astronomy except in cases of direction. Astronomy leads to fortune telling. Fortune‐<br />

tellers are the like of sorcerers. Sorcerers are the like of atheists. Atheists will be in the hell‐<br />

fire.”[1]<br />

This is the logic of Islam aiming at believing in God and engaging all of the events to His will and<br />

determination. Stars have nothing to do with events except those regarding climate, lunar and<br />

sonar eclipses and the like. Those predictions do not confront the religion and its factuality and<br />

guidance.<br />

Those banned sciences cripple the conceptual movement, deaden the cognizance and enliven<br />

believing in delusions and fables. Teaching Women:<br />

Islam has not dedicated teaching to men. As a matter of fact, women had a good share of<br />

teaching. Islam has aroused the spirit of knowledge among women of Muhajirs and Ansar[*] and<br />

encouraged them on learning reading and writing in addition to religious affairs. Al‐Bukhari<br />

records that women asked the Prophet to assign a day on which he might meet and teach them<br />

and the Prophet did. Al‐Belathiri counts the ladies who were teachers of writing and reading<br />

among whom were Hafsa the Prophet’s wife, Ummukulthoum bint Awaba and Aisha bint Sa’d<br />

who said, “My father taught me reading and writing.”[2] Easa bin Miskin used to gather his sons<br />

and nieces for teaching reading and writing.[3]<br />

Al‐Jahiz affirms, “Women should not be taught writing and poetry. They should learn the Quran,<br />

especially sura of Nur.”[4] Al‐Qabisi banned women’s learning to avoid depravity. He said, “It is<br />

more secure for women to evade learning reading.”<br />

In fact, such opinions lack scientific genuineness and resist the Islamic spirit and guidance. Islam<br />

has persistently used all methods and powers for eradicating ignorance and illiteracy, and<br />

regarded the acquisition of knowledge as an individual right of every male and female. It has also<br />

burdened the governments of arranging equal opportunities of obtaining knowledge apart from<br />

race, nationality, and social class. It has declared that every human being should enjoy the right of<br />

the expansive participation in the scientific and conceptual activities.<br />

The Islamic mission is based upon knowledge and believing in its being an important element of<br />

social progress of individuals and <strong>com</strong>munities since it is not devoted to men exclusively. Women,<br />

whose roles in establishing the humane society and life prosperity and maturity have been<br />

distinctively and highly praised and<br />

[1] Refer to Sheik Al‐ansari’s al‐Mekasib.<br />

Muhajirs are people of Mecca who embraced Islam and immigrated to Yathrib, Al‐Madina later<br />

on, with the Prophet. Ansar are people of Yathrib who received and wel<strong>com</strong>ed the Prophet and<br />

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