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The distinctive feature of Islam is the collective obligation of obtaining knowledge that
systematizes the life. Obtaining the religious knowledge is an individual obligation upon Muslims
by either extraction or pursuance. The excuses of the uneducated are inadmissible. The Prophet
(s) said, “On the Resurrection day, the servants, who will excuse of ignorance, will be told that
they should have learned.”
Al‐Ghezali divided knowledge into two parts; one is collective and the other is individual. He said,
“People has different opinions regarding knowledge that is imposed on Muslims. They were of
twenty sects‐ each explained the obligation of knowledge according to its own opinions.
Theologians estimated theology with which monotheism is realized. Jurists referred to
jurisprudence with which people can
[1] Refer to Education of the Arabs: 152‐3.
recognize the precepts including the legal and illegal matters. Exegesists ‐of the holy Quran‐ and
hadithists suppose that the knowledge of the Quranic and prophetic texts are obligatorily learned.
Others suppose other opinions.”[1]
Al‐Qabisi assumes that it is obligatory upon boys to learn. He refers to the obligation of learning as
his proof. The Quranic knowledge is also obligatory since it is necessary for performing the prayers
correctly. Fathers are assigned to teach their sons the knowledge of the Quran and prayers. They
may send them to the tutorials and pay for teachers. In case fathers are too poor to meet the
costs of teaching, their relatives should pay them. Finally, teachers may teach the boys freely for
God’s sake or receive their stipends from the public treasury. This hypothesis was highly
considerable for jurists that issued the verdicts of the obligation of receiving knowledge on all of
the Muslims.[2]
As Ibn Wahab was attending the classes of Malik, the time of a prayer commenced. He prepared
himself for performing it. “The lessons you have attended are not less obligatory than the prayer
you are preparing for,” said Malik.
In any case, Islam has incited to obtain religious, and other, knowledges for achieving
development and avoiding ignorance, which is the one and only source of retardation.
Compulsory Teaching:
According to the Islamic legislation, governments are responsible for playing a positive role in
breaking the bonds of illiteracy and sparing no efforts for spreading science and knowledge
among people.
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