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Marx has regarded the matter as the chief motive of history that controlled its development. The
other elements can be demarcated through matter only because they are not independent in
composition and form. The material circumstances that are connected to the production means
and the reciprocal relations of the social classes influence the existence and formation of these
elements. On the other hand,
[1] Refer to Comparative studies of courses: 44.
[2] Refer to Islamic ruling and management system: 129.
[3] Refer to Comparative study of courses: 45‐6.
Hegel considers that the material fact along with its economical, political, and social situations is
only a material reflection of absolute concepts the source of which is the intellect.
For Hegel, substances are formed according to intellectual influences. Yet, Marx did not change
his mind. He expressed that dialectical development is propelled by influences of matter or
production means and art. Hegel affirms that concept is the base of development and the former
of factuality.
Marx said, “Judicial, social, political, technological and philosophic as well the other intellectual
aspects cannot be merely understandable since they combine and shape according to influences
of material or economic elements. Economic situations are the basic pivot around which the
general situations entirely circulate. I wonder what that overdeveloping material phenomenon
that governs history of mankind is. It is neither the geographical nor massiveness of population
that does not change. It is fundamentally the development of production means. Economic
elements work for maturing society of mankind. Human beings spend most of their times in work
for securing their food, clothes and house. Each uses certain devices in their jobs. Development of
these devises improves man’s mutual relations and creates the discord of social relations and
contrariety of ideologies. Economic factors control all these. On this account, history develops.
Feudal society is the outcome of hand mills, while the capital industrial society is the outcome of
vapory mills.”
Communists pose material explanations for all of the historical events. Engels says, “Like the
natural, active social powers work aimlessly with demolishing power we could not understand and
estimate. As soon as we understand and comprehend their deeds, trends and effects, then it is
our concern to subject them. We can achieve our objectives through such powers. As we
understand natures of these powers, they change in the producers’ hands from crude masters
into obedient servants.”[1]
Communists believe that matter is the main explainer of historical events and generations’ march
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