Study of Technology for Detecting Pre-Ignition Conditions of ... - NIST

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.-. 500 400 300 200 100 0 Figure 9. Plot of pan-side range. 4111111 --------- Bacon/Off – – - oil/off — — -Oil/On Sugar/Off [11111111111, CTSC-IAG95-1145 ib!’ 1 60 1180 300 420 540 660 780 900 1020 1140 Time, s temperatures versus time for all tests on the high-output gas 25
CPSC-MG95-1145 a good cmdidate for such measurements. The burner or pan temperature on the electric range could be used in conjunction with other signatures if threshold temperate or integrated time and temperature behavior were utilized to detect pre-i~ition wnditions. 3.2.2 Plume Figures 10 through 16 show the plume thermocouple grid temperatures as a function of tin-w for a test of oil heated on an electric range with the range hood off. The grid diagram of Figure 3 helps in interpreting these figures. Figure 10 shows the vertical profile of the pancenterline ~mpera@es above the bwmer. Before ignition, none of the temperawes exceeded 100 ‘C. The plumes were relatively cool compared to the pans and food below. At the highest point above the burner, the tempera~re only reached about 40 “C. Figures 11 and 12 show the vertical temperature profiles 7.6 cm to the left and right (when facing the range) of the pan centerline. The temperawres left of center were much less than those right of center. This implies a high degree of asymmehy in the plume. At 16.8 cm above the burner, the temperature right of the pan centerline was even 10 ‘C greater than the centerline temperature. Figure 13 shows the vertical temperature profile 15.2 cm to the left of the centerline. Of all of the vertical tempera~res, these were the coolest. Figures 14, 15, and 16 show the changes in horizontal temperatures with time along lines 16.8 ~m, 37.1 cm, and 67.6 cm above the burner, respectively. These figures also demonstrate that the plume temperatures were shifted to the right of center. The plumes in the tests conducted on the hi~-ou~ut gas range tended to shift to the left slightly. In every case, while the degree was different for each test, the plumes tended to lean away from the center of the range. Figure 17 shows a comparison of the centerline temperamre 37.1 cm above the burner for all of the food and rmge-hood ~mbinations heated on the electric range. The behaviors of the same foods were similar. Figure 18 shows a comparison of the centerline temperature 37.1 cm above the burner for all of the food and range combinations heated on the high-output gas range. The bacon temperature curves are similar, but the oil curves differ by about 20 ‘C and show difierent trends. Sugar ignited very quickly, even relative to the parallel electric-range test. These figures show that the range hood affects the ignition process and the plume to a minor degree at most. The plume may be a di~~cult location to position a tempera~re measuring device as a range pre-ignition detector. The temperatures are not very high in the plume and do not change significantly with time during heating. 3.2.3 Range and Range Hood Figure 19 shows the tempera~res of the range and range-hood themomuples as a function of time for a test of oil heated on an electric range with the range hood off. The outside surface of the hood actually cooled prior to ignition. The range surface thermocouples equidistant from the burner have similar tempera~re curves. The temperature of the range beneath the burner w-passed 200 ‘C which means that the space beneath the burner is a relatively hot environment. 26 .-
Page 1 and 2: . ,. . . % . NISTIR 5729 Study of T
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements CPSC-IAG-95-1145 T
Page 5 and 6: 4.0 5.0 6.0 ‘7,0 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
Page 7 and 8: Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Fi
Page 9 and 10: msc-HG95-1145 because a candidate s
Page 11 and 12: , asc-fiG95-1145 eletici~ into eigh
Page 13 and 14: Table 1. Conditions and results of
Page 15 and 16: QSC-MG95-1145 which is sometimes pr
Page 17 and 18: Pressure Tmnsducer L Vdochy Laser B
Page 19 and 20: CPSC-LW--95-1I45 The pan area was m
Page 21 and 22: CPSC-HG95-1145 the doorway of the l
Page 23 and 24: 2.4.1 Experimental Operation msc-uG
Page 25 and 26: located onthefloor atthe door openi
Page 27 and 28: CI%C-IAG-95-1145 tirou@out this sec
Page 29 and 30: Figure 6. 700 600 500 400 300 200 1
Page 31: 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 ----
Page 35 and 36: , , I t --------- 16.8 cm above bur
Page 37 and 38: (’1’’’’’’’’’’
Page 39 and 40: Temperature, “C ~“’I’’’
Page 41 and 42: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 -------
Page 43 and 44: 200 160 120180 [ 0 1 — Hood insid
Page 45 and 46: a“ L a, -f 00 90 80 ‘7(3 60 50
Page 47 and 48: 45 40 35 30 2!5 20 L --------- Baco
Page 49 and 50: 1.5 1 0.5 0 “0.5 - 8 , ---------
Page 51 and 52: s .- --------- BaconlQn — ——-
Page 53 and 54: 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 - ,. ,,. ---1 0
Page 55 and 56: ‘ ---------Bacon/On — — - Qil
Page 57 and 58: Figure 30. 8 6 4 2 0 1 ( !“1’
Page 59 and 60: . . . ““- Baconlon — w-- -oi[
Page 61 and 62: 3.5 --- —= --- Bacon/on -Oil/On
Page 64 and 65: “. CPSC-IAG95-1145 primary effect
Page 66 and 67: --. 1- 400 250 200 150 I CPSC-IAG95
Page 68 and 69: . . . attenuation trends, and heati
Page 70 and 71: .“ . . ‘. Table 4. Detection te
Page 72 and 73: CPSC-IAG95-1145 Appendix A also con
Page 74 and 75: 6.0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Page 76 and 77: Harwood, J. A.; Moseley, P. T.; Pea
Page 78 and 79: Michigan UNV., Ann Arbor. Dept. of
Page 80 and 81: CPSC-IAG95-1145 Interscience Commun
Page 82 and 83:
CPSC-IAG95-1145 Naum~ Abmed (Ed. >
Page 84 and 85:
, Report No.: PAT-APPL7-744 046; pA
Page 86 and 87:
. 4 CPSC-IAG95-1145 Since their int
Page 88 and 89:
-. EP 175940A 860402 (BASIC) CPSC-I
Page 90 and 91:
. CPSC-IAG95-1145 light source, or
Page 92 and 93:
. CPSC-IAG95-1145 Industrial& Comme
Page 94 and 95:
.- .. . -. CPSC-IAG95-1145 for disc
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s- . > CPSC-IAG95-1145 to sensor me
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. s.- ,.. a WPI ACCNo: 92-261455/32
Page 100 and 101:
.. . 1992 CPSC-IAG95-1145 Author (I
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix B. Key: AND = * DC DE r) I
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S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22
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CPSC-IAG95-1145 18 718482 TECHNOLOG
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* 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Page 112 and 113:
-u“ . CPSC-IAG95-1145 CPSC Range-
Page 114 and 115:
TC 1 6083 X COMPUTE . 1 c- 59-0.0 x
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