TC 1 6083 X COMPUTE . 1 c- 59-0.0 x $1 VELOCITY 1 599.96 Z3168X COMPUTE 2 (8.507-57)/8.507X $2 (10.148-58)/10.148X $3 SMOOTH 2 $203X$4 $303X$5 RENAME $1 VelV Bi-directionalproberawvoltage $2 ExtnlLaserextinction<strong>for</strong> lowerposition $3 Extn2Laserextinction<strong>for</strong> upperposition $4 ExtnlsLowerlaserextinctionsmoothed(3pt) $5 Extn2sUpperlaserextinctionsmoothed(3pt) END 107 CPSC-IAG95-1145 (v) (vIv) (v/v) (v/v) (v/v) 999
PAGE 1 OF <strong>NIST</strong>-I 14 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE “: “.””’ ‘“” “ “ i~~’~$E’#~~~1’ ‘“ ‘“ (REV. 6-93) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDSAND TECHNOLOGY ‘:fp?4W?yJ ADMAN 4.09 ,. ,.}:,,’ ‘: ’... ‘PUSL@TfO?& REPORT. SWMBER : ? ‘cfWECWMW COljE MANUSCRIPT REVIEW AND APPROVAL ,.,..:.,,, .,,,, . ,,;:..,, , , .,,,,, <strong>NIST</strong>R.5729’: “‘. “’ ‘. “’””:’”’” tNSTRUCTIONS: ATTACH ORIGINAL OF THtS FORM TO ONE (1) COPY OF MANUSCRIPT AND SEND TO ‘.f@$C+i4TON;Dii~ ~ NUM!3Ef!WRINTED @QES ~. THE SECRETARY, APPROPRIATE EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD ‘ibtil?; T$95’ ““ ‘“’‘“ .’ ‘ ““ “:”””. ““’’”’’’’””””’ TITLE AND SUBTITLE (CITE IN FULL) <strong>Study</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Detecting</strong> <strong>Pre</strong>-<strong>Ignition</strong> <strong>Conditions</strong> <strong>of</strong> Cooking-Related Fires Associated with Electric and Gas Ranges and Cooktops, Phase I I CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER I 1 TYPE OF REPORT AND/OR PERIOD COVERED AUTHOR(S) (LAST NAME, FIRST INITIAL, SECOND INITIAL) PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (CHECK (X) ONE BOX) Johnsson, E. L. LABORATORY AND DIVISION NAMES IFIRST <strong>NIST</strong> AUTHOR ONLY) Building and Fire Research Laboratory, Fire Science Division SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (STREET, CITY, STATE, ZIP) The U. S. Conatmter Product SafetyCommission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda,MD 20814 PROPOSED FOR <strong>NIST</strong> PUBLICATION — JOURNAL OF RESEARCH (<strong>NIST</strong> JRES) — MONOGRAPH (<strong>NIST</strong> MN) _x_ <strong>NIST</strong>IGAITHERSBURG <strong>NIST</strong>/BOULDER JILA/BOULDER SPECIAL PUBLICATION i<strong>NIST</strong> SP) LIST OF PUBLICATIONS !<strong>NIST</strong> LPI B OTHER TECHNICAL NOTE I<strong>NIST</strong> TN) x <strong>NIST</strong> iNTERAGENCY/lNTERNAL REPORT [<strong>NIST</strong>IR) LETTER CIRCULAR J. PHYS. & CHEM. REF. DATA (JPCRD) NATL. STD. REF. DATA SERIES (<strong>NIST</strong> NSRDS) BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES HANDBOOK (<strong>NIST</strong> HB) FEDERAL INF. PROCESS. STDS. [<strong>NIST</strong> FIPS) PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPOSED FOR NON-<strong>NIST</strong> PUBLICATION ICITE FULLY) Us. FOREIGN PUBLISHING MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES B x PAPER n CD-ROM DISKETTE (SPECIFY) OTHER ISPECIFY) ABSTRACT (A 2DDD-CHARACTER OR LESS FACTUAL SUMMARY OF MOST SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION. IF DOCUMENT INCLUDES A SIGNIFICANT BIBLIOGRAPHY 01 LITERATURE SURVEY, CITE IT HERE. SPELL OUT ACRONYMS ON FIRST REFERENCE.} (CONTINUE ON SEPARATE PAGE, IF NECESSARY.) A significant portion <strong>of</strong> residential fires stem from kitchen cooking fires. Existing fire data indkate that cooking fires primarily arc umttended and most <strong>of</strong>ten involw oil or grease. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this investigation was to ascertain the existence <strong>of</strong> one or more common features or characteristics <strong>of</strong> the prc-ignition environment tha could be used as input to a sensor in a pr&fire detection devise. The ultimate goal <strong>of</strong> this continuing study is to evaluate the feasibilhy <strong>of</strong> irtcorpomt~o such a devia into the range thatwould mast to a pre-fire umdhion and reduee the oecttrrenee <strong>of</strong> unwanted kitchen fires. The focus <strong>of</strong> the study was unattended foods placed in pan on burners set to high heat. Experiments were conducted with three dMferentfoods and with gas and electric ranges to investigate the pre-igrtition environment <strong>of</strong> acttra range-top cooking tires. Numerous temperatures in the near surroundings as well as local plume velocity and laser attenuation measurements were recorded. A Fourie --sfo~ infrar&l, FTIR, spectrometer was used to observe significant species production above the fed. Results <strong>of</strong> these experiments arc presented and evaluated The second part <strong>of</strong> this study was a literature and patent search <strong>of</strong> technologies with the capabiMy to act as either the sensor in a pre-fire detection device or as thI automatic control that would respond to a detector warning signal by shutting <strong>of</strong>f the gas or electricity supply. A broad range <strong>of</strong> potential detection technologies wcn reviewed because the pre-fire signatures had not yet been identified. A bibliography and comments on the appticabfhy <strong>of</strong> different technologies are included. ‘III{ conctuaions pertaining to the experiments arc based on measurements and observations <strong>of</strong> combmtions <strong>of</strong> specific ranges, pans, fbods, and ventilation so extmpolatio] to other conditions should be per<strong>for</strong>med with caution. The major conclusions <strong>of</strong> this =earch are as follows: (1) Strong indkators <strong>of</strong> impcndlng ignition werl temperatures, smoke particulate% and hydrocarbon gases. (2) Promising detection technologies include tin oxide (SnOJ sensors <strong>for</strong> hydmr=mbondetection, narrow ban{ infrared absorption <strong>for</strong> hydrocarbon detection, scattenqa or attenuation types <strong>of</strong> photoelectric devices <strong>for</strong> smoke particle detection, thermocouples <strong>for</strong> thermometry <strong>of</strong> U-N burner, pan, range surface (top and below), or range hood. (3) Logieal processing <strong>of</strong> signals from two or more <strong>of</strong> the detection technologies could be an importan means bv which false alarms <strong>of</strong> me-ignition conditions are etiminatcd. (4) Control technologies exist that arc applicable to the safe shutdown and restart <strong>of</strong> gas am KEY WORDS 04tAXiMUM OF 9:28 CHARACTERS AND SPACES EACH; SEPARATE WITH SEMICOLONS; ALPHABETIC ORDER: CAPITALIZE ONLY PROPER NAMES) Iapplianctx fire detection, fire preventio% ignition prevention, kitchen fires; residential buildings; sensors; smoke detectors; stnoke AVAILABILITY ~ WORDPERFECT NOTE TO AUTHOR(S): IF YOU DO NOT WISH THIS UNLIMITED m FOR OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION -DO NOT RELEASE TO NTtS MANUSCRIPT ANNOUNCED BEFORE PUBLICATION, ORDER FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GPO, WASHtNt3TON, DC 20402 PLEASE CHECK HERE. ORDER FROM NTIS, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 m
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Acknowledgements CPSC-IAG-95-1145 T
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Table 1. Conditions and results of
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CI%C-IAG-95-1145 tirou@out this sec
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