Discriminating EF4 and EF5 tornado damage

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What is needed to be EF5? •Metal straps anchoring studs •And/or more debris removal inc. sill plates •And/or more scouring 2011 Apr 30 Photo by Jim LaDue Proper anchor bolts but typical washers Sill plates straight nailed into studs from below. Too much debris around considering weakness.
Surveyors rating Estimated wind Reasoning Authors EF4 190 mph •max DOD matches observations, •Current code means pick expected wind, •Needed more than straight nailed studs •context of surroundings URS Corp for FEMA NSF team EF5 (3 team members in favor) EF4 •Lack of hurricane clips on long span roof trusses EF4 (3 team members in favor inc. team leader) > 199 mph •Slab swept clean indicates greater than DOD=6. •Nail spacing to code (6” OC) •Quality Southern Pine, large shearwalls •Similar construction to houses where a higher DOD is available ~180 mph •Lack of clips on girders or top plates to rafters •Lack of roof deck panel staggering •Anchor spacing, no square plate washers •Seems to be built closer to 90 mph code
Page 1 and 2: Corresponding author contact: James
Page 3 and 4: Red: expected wind speed ≥ 200 mp
Page 5 and 6: Multiple candidate houses swept cle
Page 7 and 8: • Any debris above basement swept
Page 9 and 10: Slabbed apartments? Slabbed clubhou
Page 11: Apartments, Condos, Townhouses Almo
Page 15 and 16: Maximum DOD with anchored sill plat
Page 17 and 18: Shrubs look in good condition. Gras
Page 19 and 20: Philadelphia, MS 2011 Apr 27 Photo
Page 21 and 22: Bridge Creek, OK 1999-05-05 Photo b
Page 23 and 24: 1999-05-04 Bridge Creek, OK Jim LaD
Page 25 and 26: Surveyor A Surveyor B EF4 EF5

Discriminating EF4 and EF5 tornado damage

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