Issue 17 - Free-Energy Devices

Transient Transient Currents Currents and and and Transient
Transient
Voltages Voltages Power Power Pulse
Pulse
In the design of a permanent magnet / pulsed
dc electromagnet motor-generator, the creation
of a high power pulse at the optimum time, when
the permanent magnet and electromagnet are
slightly past alignment, is the goal. The use of
power is confined to a brief, few milliseconds
thus conserving power and increasing efficiency.
In order to create a high power pulse at the
optimum time, it is helpful to analyze transient
currents and transient voltages.
A transient current effect is associated with
sudden changes in voltage when an emf is first
applied. A transient current is developed when
a switch is turned on. In this condition, the
power is off in the circuit and then the switch is
closed. At this point in time, power, being
current and voltage being to flow in the circuit,
but at different rates. When the switch is first
closed there is an immediate surge in current
which decreases exponentially over time to a
steady state current. The voltage, on the other
hand starts at zero and increases exponentially
to a steady state condition.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 (18) 2004
The transient current effect is significant in
two conditions, when a capacitor is employed
in a basic RC circuit and when a high-voltage
spark gap, exposed to open air creates an
avalanche of free electrons.
Let us examine a series circuit with a capacitor
and resistor. In a simple RC circuit the
exponential change in current and voltage occur
during a period of five time constants. As the
switch is closed, one half of the current stored
on the negative plate of the capacitor surges into
the conducting circuit during the first time
constant. The initial value of the current is
determined by the voltage of the capacitor and
the resistance in the circuit. The amount of
transient current is directly proportional to the
voltage and inversely proportional to the
resistance. The less the resistance, the greater
the initial current. This high current pulse or
transient current can be of a much higher value
than the normal allowable current rating for the
wire size. This is because the duty cycle, time
on / time off, allows the wire to cool in between
pulses. This is important because the strength
of the inductive pulse is determined by the
amperage and the number of turns on the
electromagnet.
Simple stated, the charge on the capacitor
provides a powerful pulse of current to the
electromagnet when the switch is first closed.
This high current pulse forms a very strong
magnetic flux in the turns of the electromagnet.
The transient current provides an inductive
kick to forcefully repell the permanent magnet
and electromagnet. An other condition where
a transient current is developed is by the means
of avalanche due to the ionization of air
molecules in a high-voltage spark gap exposed
to open air. It is sufficient to say that with a
spark gap exposed to open air of 4 mm at 5,000
vdc the process of avalanche produces some
5,000 free electrons that are absorbed by the
high voltage anode into the circuit for every
initial electron that leaves the cathode.
Editorial note: Experiments to increase current in
electrical circuit by means of air ionization were
demonstrated also in 1996, New Ideas in Natural
Sciences conference, St.Petersburg, Russia. This
method was patented by Russian scientist
P.Yablotchkov, 1877. Efficiency was about200%.
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