Issue 17 - Free-Energy Devices

Na = Na + + е - (К 1 = 9,9 х 10 -3 );
Na - = Na + е - (К 2 = 9,7 х10 -4 );
Na 2 = 2Na (К 3 = 1,9 х 10 -4 ).
The diluted solutions of metals in ammonium have
usual blue coloring, and the concentrated
solutions have a copper-bronze one. The solventammonium
steam’s pressure is decreases
considerably, and the ammonium solution’
thickness is on a level lower than of the water
electrolytes. In ammonium also dissolve sour
grounded metals, Al, Eu, Yb, some intermetallides
(Na 4 Pb 9 [2]) and others. In absence of oxygen and
light solvateited electrons can stay in the solutions
for months. It is experimentally established that a
solvataited “floating” electron with the rest mass
of m e =9,1x10 -31 kg in metal-ammonium solutions
creates an empty space around itself with a radius
that equals around 0, 33 nm (a volume V, around
1, 5x10 -28 m 3 ) [2]. Therefore, the microscopic
density of “electronic gas” in solution would
accord to: p e- =m e /V e =9.1x10 -31 kg/1.5x10 -
28 m3=6x10 -3 kg/m 3 (i.e. around 6 g/m 3 ), which is
about in 12 times less than the liquid hydrogen’s
density and in 5 times lighter than air. At the same
time the free electron e (but not the solvated one
(NH 3 ) - ) is an elemental particle with the wave
length of DeBroigle l = h/m е- v, that is for T=300К
about l=6,63х10 -34 /(9,1х10 -31 х10 3 )= 0,7х10 -6 м
(700nm), but at the same time the clasiscal
electron radius is only r o =e 2 /m e c 2 =2,8х10 -15 м.
The resulting cooperation of all quant-chemical
factors leads in experiments, however, only to
comparably small decrease in ammonium+metal
compound’s density. It is seen from the Table 1
that for the 9, 25% solution of lithium the density
decreases only in 1, 4 times (from 0.682 g/cm 3 –
for ammonium to 0. 49 g/cm 3 - for the solution).
The metal dissociation incompleteness, electrons
cooperation into diamagnetic pairs, electronic and
ion clusters formation and others resist to the
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 (18) 2004
super high “inflation” of solutions with low density
electrons.
According to the most satisfying models, electron
in solution is not located, but “spreaded” around
a big volume, which leads to the electron and
orientation polarization of the surrounding
molecules. An electron is being caught by the
resulting field, and the pushing away forces
between it and the solvent’s molecules electrons
leads to the low density “electronic sphere” [4].
Nevertheless, electrons, as physical objects with a
non-zero resting mass, mute obey the common
mechanics laws, in detail, “float up” under of an
analog of Archimed’s force’s influence. The
uppermost effect of the self dividing of the charges
in the centrifugal “thermal electronic pump”
(TEP) should be expected for the heavy metals:
Rb, Cs, Eu, Yb, Pb, some charged complexes of
metals and the others. By the work of TEP’s cell
on a rotation circle with a radius R (picture 1)
heavy positive ions of a metal Me+, “stuck” by the
centrifugal force to the end electrode, accept
electrons from it and create neutral atoms, which
are ionized by the solvent again (Me-? Me++e-),
and the light electrons – “float up to the opposite
end –electrode and are consumed by it.
The collected charges’ from electrodes outtake
connects the electrical chain. The output power
from each cell of TEP can not succeed the
potential of ionization of metals in solution, i.e.
approximately up to 2-3 V. A following connection
of many cells on a common axis of rotation will let
to gather enough EDS, and the electricity’s
Fig. 1
Table 1. Properties of Some Solutions’in liquid ammonium [3]
Li Na K LiBH4
Dilution, g/100g NH3 at temperature (-33.3 C) 10.2 20, 1 32, 0 177 (room)
The temperature of freezing, C -185 -110 -157 43
The boiling temperature, C 70 - - -
Density, g/cm 3 00, 49 0,578 00,628 -
Steam pressure at -33.3 C, mm /merc. 3 400 - -
Dilution heat, kkal/mol -9, 7 +6, 9 +4, 5 -19, 2
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