Life Power® P2 - Phostech Lithium inc.

Life Power ® P2
New MAterIALS for BAtterIeS
the High Performance Lithium Cathode Material

2
Introduction
Clean mobility and clean energy are two major
challenges that the world is facing today. The automotive
industry is actively working on the mobility
challenge with the development of new hybrid
and electric vehicles. At the same time, conscious
efforts to use more renewable sources for energy
generation have boosted the need for energy
storage that can manage the variable power output
of solar and wind systems.
The fundamental building block for both of these
applications is the rechargeable battery.
Süd-Chemie produces two of the primary materials
used for batteries – the cathode and the anode –
that provide superior electrochemical performance
and enhanced safety and affordability. It is the
combination of these critical properties that best
meets the clean energy and mobility needs of today.
The cathode material from Süd-Chemie is made from
Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO 4 , which is the only
inherently safe cathode material discovered to date.
Life Power ® P2
In the 1990’s, Professor John B. Goodenough
discovered that LiFePO 4 , often referred to as LFP,
could be a good cathode material for Lithium
ion batteries. Later research showed that the
application of a carbon coating provided an
additional boost in performance. In 2001,
Süd-Chemie developed a process that produced
a high performance carbon-coated LFP that
addresses the performance demands of the
energy storage applications.
This new class of battery materials from
Süd-Chemie is known as Life Power ® . These high
power cathode materials deliver superior performance,
safety and cycle-life in all energy storage
applications. In particular, LFP is emerging as the
preferred material for batteries for electro-mobility
due to its intrinsic safety, high power, and fastcharging
capability. This unique safety performance
can be translated to lower system cost with less
demand on the energy management systems in the
final product.
For stationary applications, batteries based on LFP
can provide the storage needed to manage the
variable power generation of renewable sources
such as such as wind and solar. In some regions of
the world, renewable energies now provide more
than 10% of the energy production, and many
countries have long term plans to produce 50% or
more of their energy through green technologies.
Batteries are the key to balancing the generation
fluctuations, either with large centralized units or
smaller decentralized solutions.
Several companies are now working on home-based
energy storage systems (ESS) with Lithium ion batteries.
And, as with automotive applications, safety
and long-life are key demands from the market.
Süd-Chemie Life Power ® P2 provides an answer to
both demands. It offers the inherently safe cathode
material LFP in combination with Lithium Titanate,
Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . In tests this combination has proven
>20.000 cycles, thus indicating that those systems
may last for 20 years.

Applications
Life Power ® P2 can be used in a variety of Automotive and Stationary applications, as illustrated below,
and for Consumer products.
Automotive:
• Hybrid Electric Vehicle
(HEV/PHEV)
• Electric Vehicle (EV)
• Starter Battery 12V
to grid
Stationary Applications:
• Storage of Renewable Energy in Home Energy Storage Systems
• Peak Demands in Electric Grid
• Regulation of Electric Voltage
• Frequency Regulation
4
5
2 3
1
1 PV-Modules
2 Energy Management
3 Li-Ion-Battery
4 Grid-Connection
5 Distribution
Life Power ® P2 3

4
Product Performance
the Advantages of Life Power ® P2
• Inherent safety
• Long cycle-life
• Long calendar life
• Very high discharge power
• Fast-charge option
• Outstanding performance
at low temperature
why is LifePo 4 INHereNtLY SAfe?
Unlike other cathode materials, Lithium Iron
Phosphate exists in nature in both discharged and
charged forms; consequently both minerals are
stable. The oxygen in the phosphate is fixed to
the phosphorus by strong covalent bonds. Other
figure 1: LifePo (discharged condition)
4
called triphylite
Life Power ® P2
• Cyclability
• Deep discharge capability
• Environmentally friendly
• Significant cost advantage
• Lower total system cost
• Availability
cathode materials, especially nickelate, tend to
release oxygen when heated > 230°C, which could
potentially lead to temperature run-away reactions.
This temperature excursion is not a concern for
batteries based on LFP.
figure 2: fePo (charged condition)
4
called Heterosite

figure 3: SeM photograph of Life Power ® P2
Süd-Chemie Life Power ® P2 is manufactured using
a proprietary wet process that produces LiFePO 4
with outstanding performance. The key contributor
to its superior electrochemical characteristics is
the presence of primary particles in a size between
100-300nm, that are formed in the precipitation
process. An image of the material is shown in the
Scanning Electron Micrograph in Figure 3 above.
Reversible Capacity (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
cycles
10000
Cycle Life Characteristics [1C/1C, RT, CC-CV charge]
figure 5: Cycle Life of LfP in combination with Lto
at room temperature (courtesy of Leclanche SA)
Potential (V)
spec. capacity (mAh/g)
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
– Cycle 1 – Cycle 3
0 50 100 150
Spec. capacity (mAh/g)
figure 4: Specific Capacity of Life Power ® P2
Life Power ® P2 demonstrates a specific capacity of
almost 160mAh/g which is close to the theoretical
maximum value of LiFePO 4 (Figure 4).
In half cell measurements at a 10ºC rate,
Life Power ® P2 demonstrates a specific capacity
> 120mAh/g. This graph shows the potential of
LiFePO 4 for high power applications (Figure 6).
0,0 0,1 1,0 10,0
Rate (C)
figure 6: Specific Capacity of Life Power ® P2
at different discharge currents (C-rate) at 25°C
200
100,0
Life Power ® P2 5

6
Production
New Life Power ® P2 Production Plant
in Candiac, Canada
Half Cell testing
Quality Inspection
Life Power ® P2
Production
Life Power ® P2 was developed in our R&D facilities
in Moosburg, Germany, where Süd-Chemie operates
a pilot production unit. The pilot facility has
demonstrated consistent high quality production
for several years and battery manufacturers from
all over world have audited its operations.
Based on this success, Süd-Chemie built the first
industrial-size production plant for Life Power ® P2.
The new plant in Candiac, Canada has a capacity
of 2.400 mt/year and is operated by Phostech Lithium,
a wholly-owned subsidiary of Süd-Chemie.
The plant began operating in December 2011.
Quality
A Central Quality Organization at Süd-Chemie
ensures that customers and stakeholders quality,
environmental, health and safety requirements
are met. Based on global EHSQ standards and a
proven EHSQ network, Süd-Chemie manages the
risks and EHSQ performance. Furthermore,
Süd-Chemie is ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified.
The co-located analysis laboratory supports the
daily production and ensures the quality and
performance of Life Power ® P2. Based on its pilot
plant operations in Moosburg for the past several
years, Süd-Chemie has gained a thorough understanding
of the important parameters.
Süd-Chemie has protected its technology by patent
applications and granted patents.

Handling
Handling
Life Power ® P2 is produced and packaged under
very dry conditions. The presence of moisture
could lead to adverse effects in battery performance,
therefore, Life Power ® P2 is shipped in
aluminum-metalized sealable bags with a plastic
inner-liner for optimal moisture-barrier protection.
Süd-Chemie recommends that the bags be opened
in a dry room atmosphere (-40°C dew point). If a
dry room is not available, the produced LiFePO 4
cathode should be dried in a vacuum dryer with
max. temperature of 120°C.
Life Power ® P2 cathode slurry can be produced
with conventional solvents, such as N-Methylpyrrolidone
(NMP), or with water-based binders.
It is important to achieve good mixing of the
components; we recommend the use of a high
energy stirrer and/or a homogenizer.
Packaging
Life Power ® P2 is typically delivered in 20kg bags
with plastic inner-liner in a cardboard box.
20 boxes can be loaded on a pallet to a total
weight of 400kg; 20” and 40’ containers have a
total weight of 8.000kg and 16.000kg, respectively.
Storage
Life Power ® P2 can be stored in closed bags
for more than 6 months without effect on the
electrochemical performance. It is important to
store opened bags of Life Power ® P2 under dry
conditions as it tends to pick up moisture even
in a very short exposure time.
Life Power ® is a registered trademark of Süd-Chemie.
Süd-Chemie is a member of the Clariant Group, Muttenz, Switzerland.
Life Power ® P2 7

Contact Information
The information contained in this leaflet is based on our research and experience. Information is given in good faith, but under no circumstances does it constitute any guarantee, representation,
or warranty for such features. Any responsibility and/or liability of Süd-Chemie-Group Companies is limited to written contractual terms and conditions as agreed by Süd-Chemie-Group Companies
and the respective customers for specific product data and/or features. January 2012
Europe and Middle East
Süd-Chemie AG
Waldheimer Str. 15
83052 Bruckmühl
Germany
Phone: +49 8061 4903-516
Email: norbert.modl@sud-chemie.com
Americas
Phostech Lithium, Inc.
280 Ave Liberte · Candiac,
Quebec, Canada J5R 6X1
Phone: +1 514-906-1359
Email: michel.parent@sud-chemie.com
www.sud-chemie.com
Asia-Pacific
Süd-Chemie Japan
5F, Shinjuku Maynds Tower, 1-1,
Yoyogi 2-chome, Shibayu,
Tokyo, Japan 151-0053
Phone: +81 3 5308-9333
Email: tsuneyoshi.takase@sud-chemie.com
Süd-Chemie Investment Management Shanghai
Westgate Tower
1038 West Nanjing Road
Shanghai 200041 China
Phone: +86 21 62184480
Email: tony.chen@sud-chemie.com
Süd-Chemie Korea
527,Okmyeong-Ri,Daesong-Myeon
Pohang, Gyeongbuk
790-841 Korea
Phone: +82 54 278 2141
Email: min-sub.song@sud-chemie.com