The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...
The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ... The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...
Service, Northwest Regional Office, Seattle. Goble, D.D. and P.W. Hirt. (ed.). 1999. Northwest Lands, Northwest Peoples: Reading in Environmental History. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Graber, D.M. 2003. Facing a new ecosystem management paradigm for national parks. Ecological Restoration 21(4):264-277. Groom, M.J., G.K. Meffe, C.R. Carroll and Contributors. 2006. Principles of Conservation Biology. Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA. Gunther, E. 1871-1981. Erna Gunther Papers. Record Group No: 19.26.0614. Special Collections, University of Washington, Libraries. Seattle, WA. __________1936. A preliminary report on the zoological knowledge of the Makah. Pages 105-118 In: Essays in Anthropology Presented to Alfred Louis Kroeber in Celebration of his Sixtieth Birthday. Books for Libraries Press, Inc. Freeport, New York. __________. 1973. Ethnobotany of Western Washington: The Knowledge and Use of Indigenous Plants by Native Americans. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Gutchewsky, M. 2004. Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Ozette Prairies Through the Analyses of Peatland Cores, Olympic National Park, Washington. Master’s Thesis. Department of Geography. Western Washington University, Bellingham. Haeussler, S. and D. Coates. 1986. Autecological Characteristics of Selected Species that Compete with Conifers in British Columbia: A Literature Review. Land Management Report No. 33. Ministry of Forests, Information Services Branch, Victoria, BC. Harbison, D.E., J. Fishback, an O.D. Stanton. 1939. Reconnaissance survey of the Makah Reservation Washington. Record Group No. 75. BIA Taholah Indian Agency. Taholah, WA. Dec. File. Corr. 1926-1950, 919-921 Hunting and fishing box 152: ”919.0 Agriculture (Reconnaisance) TC-BIA, 1939.” National Archives Pacific NW Region. Seattle, WA. Haugland, H. 1946. Lars Ahlstrom home, three miles west of Lake Ozette, farthest west in country. Port Angeles Evening News. September 10. Hebda, R.J., K. Gustavson, K. Golinski, A.M. Calder. 2000. Burns Bog Ecosystem Review Synthesis Report. Prepared by Environmental Assessment Office, Province of British Columbia. Henderson, J.A., D.H. Peter, R.D. Lesher, and D.C. Shaw. 1989. Forested Plant Associations of the Olympic National Forest. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region R6 Ecol Technical Paper 001-88. Hensen, J. n.d. Great variety of frontier skills. Newspaper clipping from unidentified newspaper. ________. 1940. Great elk herds once kept Lake Ozette area free of underbrush. Port Angeles Evening News. February 15. ________. 1960. Final rites held for pioneer resident of ‘westernmost’ area. Port Angeles Evening News. March 16. Holyoke, B. 2003. Letter to Park Anthropologist Jacilee Wray regarding acquistion of Ahlstrom’s and Roose’s Prairies by the National Park Service. 67
Howie, S.A., P.H. Whitfield, R.J. Hebda, T.G. Munson, R.A. Dakin, and J.K. Jeglum. 2009. Water table and vegetation response to ditch blocking restoration of a raised bog in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Water Resource Journal 34:381-392. Huelsbeck, D.R. 1994a. Part II: Mammals and fish in the subsistence economy of Ozette. Pages 18-91 In: Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports. Volume II: Fauna. S.R. Samuels (ed.). Department of Anthropology Reports of Investigations 66. Washington State University, Pullman, and National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Seattle. _____________. 1994b. Part V. The utilization of whales at Ozette. Pages 265-304 In: Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports. Volume II: Fauna. S.R. Samuels (ed.). Department of Anthropology Reports of Investigations 66. Washington State University, Pullman, and National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Seattle. Huelsbeck, D.R. and G.C. Wessen. 1994. Part I: Twenty-five years of faunal analysis at Ozette. Pages 1-15 In: Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports. Volume II: Fauna. S.R. Samuels (ed.). Department of Anthropology Reports of Investigations 66. Washington State University, Pullman, and National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Seattle. Hult, R.E. 1956. The puzzle of the Ozette Indians. The Seattle Times. April 29. ________. 1954. The Untamed Olympics. Portland, Oregon: Binford & Mort. Ingram, D.C. 1931. Vegetative changes and grazing use on Douglas-fir cut-over land. Journal of Agricultural Research 43(5):387-417. Jenkins, K., A. Woodward, and E. Schreiner. 2002. A Framework for Long-term Ecological Monitoring in Olympic National Park: Prototype for the Coniferous Forest Biome. Forest and Rangeland Ecosystems Science Center Olympic Field Station. U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Interior. Johnson, B. 2006. Letter to Carla McConnell regarding comments on the Draft General Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for Olympic National Park in Washington. Dated December 20th, 2006. Keller, C. 1941. Letter to Superintendent Preston Macy, Olympic National Park. April 25. Archaeology— Indians—General File 740-02.4. Olympic National Park Archives. Kulzer, L., S. Luchessa, S. Cooke, R. Errington, F. Weinmann. 2001. Characteristics of the Low-elevation Sphagnum-dominated Peatlands of Western Washington: A Community Profile. Kunze, L.M. 1989. Unpublished Field Evaluation Forms on file with the Washington Department of Natural Resources, Washington Natural Heritage Program, Olympia, Washington. __________. 1994. Preliminary Classification of Native, Low Elevation, Freshwater Wetland Vegetation in Western Washington. Natural Heritage Program, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington. Lenz, L. and P. Cereghino. 2002. Survey for Rare Plants: Bach Research Soil Sample Sites--Ozette. Unpublished Report. Olympic National Park Archives. Lertzman, K., D. Gavin, D. Hallett, L. Brubaker, D. Lepofsky, and R. Mathewes. 2002. Long-term fire regime estimated from soil charcoal in coastal temperate rainforests. Conservation Ecology 6(2). Macy, P.P. 1937. Letter to O.A. Tomlinson, Superintendent, Mount Rainier National Park dated April 27. Olympic National Park Archives. 68
- Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Timeline for Major Events
- Page 27 and 28: a significant part of the Makah’s
- Page 29 and 30: oxes, spoons, and bowls. Mature con
- Page 31 and 32: Figure 16. T.T. Waterman map. #22 a
- Page 33 and 34: It is possible that the Ozettes vis
- Page 35 and 36: in the wet areas, and salal berries
- Page 37 and 38: Species Uses Plant Part Location Be
- Page 39 and 40: Species Uses Plant Part Location Ti
- Page 41 and 42: 32 were small, but they were in abu
- Page 43 and 44: I still gather them [the leaves] ev
- Page 45 and 46: The Makah harvested the leaves of c
- Page 47 and 48: Born on February 2, 1926, eighty-th
- Page 49 and 50: She arrived early enough on the Mak
- Page 51 and 52: Prairie was not surveyed (see Table
- Page 53 and 54: 44 Figure 35. 1895 Plat Map. Townsh
- Page 55 and 56: Figure 37. Bracken fern (Pteridium
- Page 57 and 58: 48 the [Ozette] prairies. They woul
- Page 59 and 60: Enhance productivity of above-groun
- Page 61 and 62: We do have some evidence that the O
- Page 63 and 64: happened “yearly or whenever it w
- Page 65 and 66: such as parent material, land form,
- Page 67 and 68: to advance onto the Ozette Prairies
- Page 69 and 70: near Ozette; their meat and oil are
- Page 71 and 72: support their existing flora or par
- Page 73 and 74: References Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire Ec
- Page 75: Croes, D.R. and E. Blinman. 1980. H
- Page 79 and 80: expanded by G. Peterson and G. Pete
- Page 81 and 82: Vanderhoof, M. 1960. Death of pione
- Page 83 and 84: num hummocks dominated by Empretum
- Page 85 and 86: Linda Kunze’s Survey of Sand Poin
- Page 87 and 88: Appendix 3 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 89 and 90: Appendix 4 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 91 and 92: Appendix 5 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 93 and 94: ear, and elk that graze in there. T
- Page 95 and 96: the spiritual world of the prairies
- Page 97 and 98: Prairie Animal Resources. The prair
- Page 99 and 100: Ram Singh discussed the importance
- Page 101 and 102: long by ½” thick. It was found o
- Page 103 and 104: Ha’hiba, Trees common around the
- Page 105 and 106: Vine maple (t’apsiyoqwpat, “spl
- Page 107 and 108: proof), and the stalks were used in
- Page 109 and 110: Mint (k’i’ilt’adapat, “cool
- Page 111 and 112: THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF QUILEUTE
- Page 113 and 114: property (with the exception of bea
- Page 115 and 116: which can be used without permissio
- Page 117 and 118: that spirits were just as natural a
- Page 119 and 120: ture Spirit, T’siq’ati) rewarde
- Page 121 and 122: to the sky and tried to obtain the
- Page 123 and 124: 2) Each family had a part of a prai
- Page 125 and 126: you waste what you are given, you w
Service, Northwest Regional Office, Seattle.<br />
Goble, D.D. and P.W. Hirt. (ed.). 1999. Northwest Lands, Northwest Peoples: Reading in Environmental<br />
History. Seattle: University <strong>of</strong> Washington Press.<br />
Graber, D.M. 2003. Facing a new ecosystem management paradigm for national parks. Ecological Restoration<br />
21(4):264-277.<br />
Groom, M.J., G.K. Meffe, C.R. Carroll and Contributors. 2006. Principles <strong>of</strong> Conservation Biology. Third<br />
Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA.<br />
Gunther, E. 1871-1981. Erna Gunther Papers. Record Group No: 19.26.0614. Special Collections, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Washington, Libraries. Seattle, WA.<br />
__________1936. A preliminary report on the zoological knowledge <strong>of</strong> the Makah. Pages 105-118 In: Essays<br />
in Anthropology Presented to Alfred Louis Kroeber in Celebration <strong>of</strong> his Sixtieth Birthday. Books for<br />
Libraries Press, Inc. Freeport, New York.<br />
__________. 1973. Ethnobotany <strong>of</strong> Western Washington: <strong>The</strong> Knowledge and Use <strong>of</strong> Indigenous Plants by<br />
Native Americans. Seattle: University <strong>of</strong> Washington Press.<br />
Gutchewsky, M. 2004. Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Ozette</strong> <strong>Prairies</strong> Through the Analyses <strong>of</strong><br />
Peatland Cores, <strong>Olympic</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, Washington. Master’s <strong>The</strong>sis. Department <strong>of</strong> Geography. Western<br />
Washington University, Bellingham.<br />
Haeussler, S. and D. Coates. 1986. Autecological Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Selected Species that Compete with<br />
Conifers in British Columbia: A Literature Review. Land Management Report No. 33. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Forests,<br />
Information Services Branch, Victoria, BC.<br />
Harbison, D.E., J. Fishback, an O.D. Stanton. 1939. Reconnaissance survey <strong>of</strong> the Makah Reservation<br />
Washington. Record Group No. 75. BIA Taholah Indian Agency. Taholah, WA. Dec. File. Corr. 1926-1950,<br />
919-921 Hunting and fishing box 152: ”919.0 Agriculture (Reconnaisance) TC-BIA, 1939.” <strong>National</strong> Archives<br />
Pacific NW Region. Seattle, WA.<br />
Haugland, H. 1946. Lars Ahlstrom home, three miles west <strong>of</strong> Lake <strong>Ozette</strong>, farthest west in country. Port<br />
Angeles Evening News. September 10.<br />
Hebda, R.J., K. Gustavson, K. Golinski, A.M. Calder. 2000. Burns Bog Ecosystem Review Synthesis Report.<br />
Prepared by Environmental Assessment Office, Province <strong>of</strong> British Columbia.<br />
Henderson, J.A., D.H. Peter, R.D. Lesher, and D.C. Shaw. 1989. Forested Plant Associations <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Olympic</strong><br />
<strong>National</strong> Forest. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region R6 Ecol Technical Paper 001-88.<br />
Hensen, J. n.d. Great variety <strong>of</strong> frontier skills. Newspaper clipping from unidentified newspaper.<br />
________. 1940. Great elk herds once kept Lake <strong>Ozette</strong> area free <strong>of</strong> underbrush. Port Angeles Evening<br />
News. February 15.<br />
________. 1960. Final rites held for pioneer resident <strong>of</strong> ‘westernmost’ area. Port Angeles Evening News.<br />
March 16.<br />
Holyoke, B. 2003. Letter to <strong>Park</strong> Anthropologist Jacilee Wray regarding acquistion <strong>of</strong> Ahlstrom’s and<br />
Roose’s <strong>Prairies</strong> by the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Service.<br />
67
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