The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...
The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ... The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...
Volume 7 Northwest Coast. Wayne Suttles Volume Editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. _______. 1999a. Indians, Fire and the Land in the Pacific Northwest. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. _______. 1999b. The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874. University of Washington Press, Seattle. Brown, J.K., and M.A. Marsden 1976. Estimating Fuel Weights of Grasses, Forbs, and Small Woody Plants. Res. Note INT-210. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest & Range Experiment Station. Ogden, Utah. ____________. 1991. Climate change and the origin of old-growth Douglas-fir forests in Puget Sound lowland. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. Buckingham, N.M. 1976-1977. Port Angeles and Ozette Unpublished Plant List. Olympic National Park. ____________. 1993. Flora of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Unpublished List. Olympic National Park. Buckingham, N.M., E.G. Schreiner, T.N. Kaye, J.E. Burger, and E.L. Tisch. 1995. Flora of the Olympic Peninsula. Northwest Interpretive Association and the Washington Native Plant Society. Seattle, WA. Cajander, A.K. 1913. Studien über die Moore Finnlands. Acta Forestalia Fennica 2:1-208. Calmes, M.A. and J.C. Zasada. 1982. Some reproductive traits of four shrub species in the black spruce forest type of Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 96(1):35-40. Christy, J.A. 2005. Sphagnum Fens on the Oregon Coast: Diminishing Habitat and Need for Management. Unpublished report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 Portland, Oregon. Collins, C.C. 1996. Subsistence and survival: the Makah Indian Reservation, 1855-1933. Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 87(4):180-193. Colson, E.F. 1941-1944. Abstract field notes in the possession of the Makah Cultural and Research Center. _________. 1953. The Makah Indians: A Study of an Indian Tribe in Modern American Society. University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis. Conca, D.J. 2000. Archaeological Investigations at Site 45-CA-432: Reevaluating Mid-Holocene Land Use on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Master’s Thesis. Western Washington University. Crane, M.F. 1990. Pteridium aquilinum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ Croes, D.R. 1977. Basketry from the Ozette Village Archaeological Site: A Technological, Functional and Comparative Study. Ph.D. Dissertation. Washington State University. Pullman. __________. 1980. Cordage From the Ozette Village Archaeological Site: A Technological, Functional, and Comparative Study. Laboratory of Archaeology and History. Washington State University, Pullman. Project Reports 9. 65
Croes, D.R. and E. Blinman. 1980. Hoko River: A 2500 Year old Fishing Camp on the Northwest Coast of North America. Hoko River Archaeological Project Contribution No. 1. Washington State University Laboratory of Anthropology Reports of Investigations No. 58. Curtis, E.S. 1913. The North American Indian: The Indians of the United States, the Dominion of Canada, and Alaska. Volume 9. Reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y. Densmore, F. 1939. Nootka and Quileute music. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 124. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. DePuydt, R.T. 1994. Part IV: Cultural implications of avifaunal remains recovered from the Ozette site. Pages 197-303 In: Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports. Volume II: Fauna. S.R. Samuels (ed.). Department of Anthropology Reports of Investigations 66. Washington State University, Pullman, and National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Seattle. Deur, D. and N. Turner. 2005. Introduction: reassessing indigenous resource management, reassessing th history of an idea. Pages 3-36 In: Keeping It Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America. D. Deur and N.J. Turner (eds.). University of Washington Press, Seattle. Douglas, W.O. 1964. The last frontier in a dark forest. Pages 176-190 In: A Vanishing America; the Life and Times of the Small Town. T.C. Wheeler and H. Carter (eds.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, New York. Egan, D. and E.A. Howell. 2001. The Historical Ecology Handbook: A Restorationist’s Guide to Reference Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D.C. Erikson, P.P, H. Ward, and K. Wacchendorf. 2002. Voices of a Thousand People: The Makah Cultural and Research Center. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. Evans, I. Nylund. n.d. Ozette pioneers had housing shortage too; whole family worked at building new home. Port Angeles Evening News. Lake Ozette file. Olympic National Park Archives. Fish, H.U. 1983. Tracks, Trails, and Tales in Clallam County, State of Washington. Self-published. Port Angeles, Washington. Flinn, M.A. 1980. Heat Penetration and Early Postfire Regeneration of some Understory Species in the Acadian Forest. Master’s Thesis. University of New Brunswick. Halifax, NB. Flinn, M.A. and R.W. Wein. 1977. Depth of underground plant organs and theoretical survival during fire. Canadian Journal of Botany 55:2550-2554. Frye, T.C. 1956. Ferns of the Northwest. Binford & Mort, Publishers, Portland, Oregon. Gavin, D.G. L.B. Brubaker, and K.P. Lertzman. 2003. Holocene fire history of a coastal temperate rain forest based on soil charcoal radiocarbon dates. Ecology 84(1):186-201. Gill, S. 1983. Plant Utilization by the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. ______. 1984. Ethnobotany of the Makah People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Makah Language Program, Neah Bay, Washington and Marion Ownbey Herbarium Wasington State University, Pullman, WA. ______. 2005. Plant utilization by the Makah and Ozette People, Ozette Peninsula, Washington. Pages 337-546 In: Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports Volume III. Ethnobotany and Wood Technology. D.L. Whelchel (ed.). WSU Department of Anthropology Reports of Investigations 68. national Park 66
- Page 23 and 24: 1928, notes that “tuberculosis an
- Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Timeline for Major Events
- Page 27 and 28: a significant part of the Makah’s
- Page 29 and 30: oxes, spoons, and bowls. Mature con
- Page 31 and 32: Figure 16. T.T. Waterman map. #22 a
- Page 33 and 34: It is possible that the Ozettes vis
- Page 35 and 36: in the wet areas, and salal berries
- Page 37 and 38: Species Uses Plant Part Location Be
- Page 39 and 40: Species Uses Plant Part Location Ti
- Page 41 and 42: 32 were small, but they were in abu
- Page 43 and 44: I still gather them [the leaves] ev
- Page 45 and 46: The Makah harvested the leaves of c
- Page 47 and 48: Born on February 2, 1926, eighty-th
- Page 49 and 50: She arrived early enough on the Mak
- Page 51 and 52: Prairie was not surveyed (see Table
- Page 53 and 54: 44 Figure 35. 1895 Plat Map. Townsh
- Page 55 and 56: Figure 37. Bracken fern (Pteridium
- Page 57 and 58: 48 the [Ozette] prairies. They woul
- Page 59 and 60: Enhance productivity of above-groun
- Page 61 and 62: We do have some evidence that the O
- Page 63 and 64: happened “yearly or whenever it w
- Page 65 and 66: such as parent material, land form,
- Page 67 and 68: to advance onto the Ozette Prairies
- Page 69 and 70: near Ozette; their meat and oil are
- Page 71 and 72: support their existing flora or par
- Page 73: References Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire Ec
- Page 77 and 78: Howie, S.A., P.H. Whitfield, R.J. H
- Page 79 and 80: expanded by G. Peterson and G. Pete
- Page 81 and 82: Vanderhoof, M. 1960. Death of pione
- Page 83 and 84: num hummocks dominated by Empretum
- Page 85 and 86: Linda Kunze’s Survey of Sand Poin
- Page 87 and 88: Appendix 3 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 89 and 90: Appendix 4 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 91 and 92: Appendix 5 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 93 and 94: ear, and elk that graze in there. T
- Page 95 and 96: the spiritual world of the prairies
- Page 97 and 98: Prairie Animal Resources. The prair
- Page 99 and 100: Ram Singh discussed the importance
- Page 101 and 102: long by ½” thick. It was found o
- Page 103 and 104: Ha’hiba, Trees common around the
- Page 105 and 106: Vine maple (t’apsiyoqwpat, “spl
- Page 107 and 108: proof), and the stalks were used in
- Page 109 and 110: Mint (k’i’ilt’adapat, “cool
- Page 111 and 112: THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF QUILEUTE
- Page 113 and 114: property (with the exception of bea
- Page 115 and 116: which can be used without permissio
- Page 117 and 118: that spirits were just as natural a
- Page 119 and 120: ture Spirit, T’siq’ati) rewarde
- Page 121 and 122: to the sky and tried to obtain the
- Page 123 and 124: 2) Each family had a part of a prai
Croes, D.R. and E. Blinman. 1980. Hoko River: A 2500 Year old Fishing Camp on the Northwest Coast<br />
<strong>of</strong> North America. Hoko River Archaeological Project Contribution No. 1. Washington State University<br />
Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Anthropology Reports <strong>of</strong> Investigations No. 58.<br />
Curtis, E.S. 1913. <strong>The</strong> North American Indian: <strong>The</strong> Indians <strong>of</strong> the United States, the Dominion <strong>of</strong> Canada,<br />
and Alaska. Volume 9. Reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y.<br />
Densmore, F. 1939. Nootka and Quileute music. Smithsonian Institution Bureau <strong>of</strong> American Ethnology<br />
Bulletin 124. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.<br />
DePuydt, R.T. 1994. Part IV: Cultural implications <strong>of</strong> avifaunal remains recovered from the <strong>Ozette</strong> site.<br />
Pages 197-303 In: <strong>Ozette</strong> Archaeological Project Research Reports. Volume II: Fauna. S.R. Samuels (ed.).<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Anthropology Reports <strong>of</strong> Investigations 66. Washington State University, Pullman, and<br />
<strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Seattle.<br />
Deur, D. and N. Turner. 2005. Introduction: reassessing indigenous resource management, reassessing th<br />
history <strong>of</strong> an idea. Pages 3-36 In: Keeping It Living: Traditions <strong>of</strong> Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest<br />
Coast <strong>of</strong> North America. D. Deur and N.J. Turner (eds.). University <strong>of</strong> Washington Press, Seattle.<br />
Douglas, W.O. 1964. <strong>The</strong> last frontier in a dark forest. Pages 176-190 In: A Vanishing America; the Life and<br />
Times <strong>of</strong> the Small Town. T.C. Wheeler and H. Carter (eds.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, New<br />
York.<br />
Egan, D. and E.A. Howell. 2001. <strong>The</strong> Historical Ecology Handbook: A Restorationist’s Guide to Reference<br />
Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D.C.<br />
Erikson, P.P, H. Ward, and K. Wacchendorf. 2002. Voices <strong>of</strong> a Thousand People: <strong>The</strong> Makah Cultural and<br />
Research Center. University <strong>of</strong> Nebraska Press, Lincoln.<br />
Evans, I. Nylund. n.d. <strong>Ozette</strong> pioneers had housing shortage too; whole family worked at building new<br />
home. Port Angeles Evening News. Lake <strong>Ozette</strong> file. <strong>Olympic</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Archives.<br />
Fish, H.U. 1983. Tracks, Trails, and Tales in Clallam County, State <strong>of</strong> Washington. Self-published. Port<br />
Angeles, Washington.<br />
Flinn, M.A. 1980. Heat Penetration and Early Postfire Regeneration <strong>of</strong> some Understory Species in the<br />
Acadian Forest. Master’s <strong>The</strong>sis. University <strong>of</strong> New Brunswick. Halifax, NB.<br />
Flinn, M.A. and R.W. Wein. 1977. Depth <strong>of</strong> underground plant organs and theoretical survival during fire.<br />
Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Botany 55:2550-2554.<br />
Frye, T.C. 1956. Ferns <strong>of</strong> the Northwest. Binford & Mort, Publishers, Portland, Oregon.<br />
Gavin, D.G. L.B. Brubaker, and K.P. Lertzman. 2003. Holocene fire history <strong>of</strong> a coastal temperate rain forest<br />
based on soil charcoal radiocarbon dates. Ecology 84(1):186-201.<br />
Gill, S. 1983. Plant Utilization by the Makah and <strong>Ozette</strong> People, <strong>Olympic</strong> Peninsula, Washington.<br />
______. 1984. Ethnobotany <strong>of</strong> the Makah People, <strong>Olympic</strong> Peninsula, Washington. Makah Language Program,<br />
Neah Bay, Washington and Marion Ownbey Herbarium Wasington State University, Pullman, WA.<br />
______. 2005. Plant utilization by the Makah and <strong>Ozette</strong> People, <strong>Ozette</strong> Peninsula, Washington. Pages<br />
337-546 In: <strong>Ozette</strong> Archaeological Project Research Reports Volume III. Ethnobotany and Wood Technology.<br />
D.L. Whelchel (ed.). WSU Department <strong>of</strong> Anthropology Reports <strong>of</strong> Investigations 68. national <strong>Park</strong><br />
66