The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...

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List of Tables Table 1. Timeline for Major Events Affecting the Ozette Prairies .......................................................................16 Table 2. The Makah Seasonal Round, as Reflected in Names of the Lunar Months ........................................19 Table 3. Wetlands in Ozette Traditional Territory ..................................................................................................20 Table 4. Plants Gathered on the Ozette Prairies .....................................................................................................27 Table 5. Useful Plants likely Gathered on Manny’s, Ozette, and West Prairies ................................................28 Table 6. 1895 General Land Office Survey of the Ozette Prairies ........................................................................42 iv
Acknowledgments The conception for this study grew out of a National Park Service conference: Cultural Resources 2000: Managing for the Future in December 2000 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. I participated in a panel, “Challenges of and Opportunities for Park-Based Ethnobotanical Research.” I met Jacilee Wray for the first time at this meeting, and the seeds for this project were planted. She was a guiding force and visionary behind this study, understanding the significance of ethnobiology in bridging park research in the biological and social sciences—for the profound fact that certain biologically diverse landscapes are deeply intertwined with ancient human interactions. Such is the case for many of the prairies and wetlands on the Olympic Peninsula. Thus, these places can teach us about possibilities for envisioning new ways of relating to the land. Jacilee tirelessly assisted me in every way to complete this project, and I am deeply indebted to her. Many other people contributed to this report. Thanks to Frederick York who encouraged me to to take on this study, introducing me to key contacts, and arranging for me to speak to staff at various national parks about my work in California. Thank you to Larry Nickey for bringing me up to speed on the fire history of the westside Olympic Peninsula. I am grateful to David Egan for launching a special issue of the journal Ecological Restoration in the winter of 2003, which explored the theme Native American Land Management Practices in National Parks. Foremost, thank you to all of the Native Americans and non-Indians who contributed to this study. At my first Olympic Peninsula Cultural Advisory Committee (OPICAC) meeting, native people from various parts of the Olympic Peninsula warmly embraced the idea for this study. Executive Director, Janine Bowechop (Makah), and her staff at the Makah Cultural and Research Center made many resources available to me and facilitated interviews with Makah elders. Deep gratitude is expressed to the people I interviewed: Pat Boachup (Makah), Bob Bowlby (Jamestown S’Klallam), Cathy Chamblin- Peterson (Makah), Cindy Claplanhoo (Makah), Ed Claplanhoo (Makah), Greg Colfax (Makah), Edie Hottowe (Makah), John H. Ides (Makah), Sadie Johnson (Makah), Bud Klock, Vera Klock, Kate McCarty, Leah Parker (Makah/Lummi), Emil Person, Melissa Peterson (Makah), Gary Ray (Makah), Larry Sears, William Tyler (Makah), James Wesseler, Ed Wilbur, and Yvonne Wilke (Makah). I am grateful to many other people who contributed to my knowledge of the uses and management of prairies and wetlands in other parts of the Olympic Peninsula (outside of Olympic National Park) including Gladys Allen, Missy Barlow, Bea Charles (Klallam), Bob and Mary Huelsdonk, Muriel Huggins, Justine James (Quinault), Mary Leitka (Hoh), Ed Maupin, Harvest Moon (Quinault), Chris Morganroth III (Quileute), Lela Mae Morganroth (Quileute), Gary Peterson, Oscar Peterson, Marie Riebe (Hoh), Vi Riebe (Hoh), Elsa Schmidt (Aha Blip), Leta Shale (Quileute), Daisy Sinema, Adeline Smith (Klallam), and Myra v
Page 1 and 2: The Ozette Prairies of Olympic Nati
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents List of Figures .
Page 5: Figure 35. 1895 Plat Map highlighti
Page 9 and 10: many obscure references. Many other
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1. View of Ahlstrom’s Prai
Page 13 and 14: Until recently, we were limited by
Page 15 and 16: zones between forest and prairie).
Page 17 and 18: The drier east-facing slopes have c
Page 19 and 20: e important nesting sites for some
Page 21 and 22: to the sea to the north of Cape Ala
Page 23 and 24: 1928, notes that “tuberculosis an
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Timeline for Major Events
Page 27 and 28: a significant part of the Makah’s
Page 29 and 30: oxes, spoons, and bowls. Mature con
Page 31 and 32: Figure 16. T.T. Waterman map. #22 a
Page 33 and 34: It is possible that the Ozettes vis
Page 35 and 36: in the wet areas, and salal berries
Page 37 and 38: Species Uses Plant Part Location Be
Page 39 and 40: Species Uses Plant Part Location Ti
Page 41 and 42: 32 were small, but they were in abu
Page 43 and 44: I still gather them [the leaves] ev
Page 45 and 46: The Makah harvested the leaves of c
Page 47 and 48: Born on February 2, 1926, eighty-th
Page 49 and 50: She arrived early enough on the Mak
Page 51 and 52: Prairie was not surveyed (see Table
Page 53 and 54: 44 Figure 35. 1895 Plat Map. Townsh
Page 55 and 56: Figure 37. Bracken fern (Pteridium
Page 57 and 58:
48 the [Ozette] prairies. They woul
Page 59 and 60:
Enhance productivity of above-groun
Page 61 and 62:
We do have some evidence that the O
Page 63 and 64:
happened “yearly or whenever it w
Page 65 and 66:
such as parent material, land form,
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to advance onto the Ozette Prairies
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near Ozette; their meat and oil are
Page 71 and 72:
support their existing flora or par
Page 73 and 74:
References Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire Ec
Page 75 and 76:
Croes, D.R. and E. Blinman. 1980. H
Page 77 and 78:
Howie, S.A., P.H. Whitfield, R.J. H
Page 79 and 80:
expanded by G. Peterson and G. Pete
Page 81 and 82:
Vanderhoof, M. 1960. Death of pione
Page 83 and 84:
num hummocks dominated by Empretum
Page 85 and 86:
Linda Kunze’s Survey of Sand Poin
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix 3 Evidence of Indian Burni
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
ear, and elk that graze in there. T
Page 95 and 96:
the spiritual world of the prairies
Page 97 and 98:
Prairie Animal Resources. The prair
Page 99 and 100:
Ram Singh discussed the importance
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long by ½” thick. It was found o
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Ha’hiba, Trees common around the
Page 105 and 106:
Vine maple (t’apsiyoqwpat, “spl
Page 107 and 108:
proof), and the stalks were used in
Page 109 and 110:
Mint (k’i’ilt’adapat, “cool
Page 111 and 112:
THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF QUILEUTE
Page 113 and 114:
property (with the exception of bea
Page 115 and 116:
which can be used without permissio
Page 117 and 118:
that spirits were just as natural a
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ture Spirit, T’siq’ati) rewarde
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to the sky and tried to obtain the
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2) Each family had a part of a prai
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you waste what you are given, you w
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he’ll take it away. And not only
Page 129 and 130:
(a) Trail maintenance. Keeping up t
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some distance. These level places b
Page 133 and 134:
you love. Come with me.” The suit
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a place in the prairie where severa
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a very good but circuitous trail, w
Page 139 and 140:
eye the Olympic peninsula with it g
Page 141 and 142:
four such rafters only two were use
Page 143 and 144:
more poles. Roots dried in this way
Page 145 and 146:
lands and to lack of a road from La
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[5:33] [There are prairies in the l
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een ancient midden heaps. In some p
Page 151 and 152:
[p. 215] Nettle. Common everywhere
Page 153 and 154:
inches high and the berries and cro
Page 155 and 156:
The Indians knew how to kill an elk
Page 157 and 158:
with skink cabbage leaves. The Indi
Page 159 and 160:
social activities. The year was div
Page 161 and 162:
Everybody worked hard. Must’ve be
Page 163 and 164:
ing it up until he got it killed an
Page 165 and 166:
view identified only as “by Dori,
Page 167:
Academy of Sciences. _____ and L.V.
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