The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...
The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ... The Ozette Prairies of Olympic National Park - Natural Resources ...
45 Figure 36. 1892-1897 Plat Map. Township 31 North, of Range 15 West of Willamette Meridian, Washington highlighting burned areas. Note the area burned (in yellow) is where Manny’s Prairie is today. The area burned (in orange) is where Sand Point Prairie is today.
Figure 37. Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) on Roose’s Prairie .#480. Photograph by Fred Sharpe, 2007. Bracken fern grows throughout the Ozette Prairies, and its dead fronds burn readily enough to carry a fire and keep it burning over a large area (see Figure 37). Indeed, Lars Ahlstrom and Peter Roose were concerned enough about the fire danger posed by the previous year’s dead bracken fronds that they would burn them off each year. Myra Vanderhoof (1960) remarked that, “such a practice was necessary as a means of fire-prevention, for the dead bracken became dangerous tinder after the first warm, sunny days of spring.” According to scientific studies, bracken fern is not only well adapted to fire, it promotes fire by producing a highly inflammable layer of dried fronds every fall (Agee 1993; Frye 1956; USDA Forest Service 1937). In the Pacific Northwest western bracken fern fronds grow to 7 feet, resulting in several tons of flashy fuel per acre (McCulloch 1942). Fuel loading in areas dominated by bracken fern can be quite high (McCulloch 1942; Agee and Huff 1987). Brown and Marsen (1976) have developed a formula to estimate fuel loading using the relationship between fuel loading and the ground cover and height of bracken fern (Crane 1990). 46
- Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents List of Figures .
- Page 5 and 6: Figure 35. 1895 Plat Map highlighti
- Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgments The conception for
- Page 9 and 10: many obscure references. Many other
- Page 11 and 12: Figure 1. View of Ahlstrom’s Prai
- Page 13 and 14: Until recently, we were limited by
- Page 15 and 16: zones between forest and prairie).
- Page 17 and 18: The drier east-facing slopes have c
- Page 19 and 20: e important nesting sites for some
- Page 21 and 22: to the sea to the north of Cape Ala
- Page 23 and 24: 1928, notes that “tuberculosis an
- Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Timeline for Major Events
- Page 27 and 28: a significant part of the Makah’s
- Page 29 and 30: oxes, spoons, and bowls. Mature con
- Page 31 and 32: Figure 16. T.T. Waterman map. #22 a
- Page 33 and 34: It is possible that the Ozettes vis
- Page 35 and 36: in the wet areas, and salal berries
- Page 37 and 38: Species Uses Plant Part Location Be
- Page 39 and 40: Species Uses Plant Part Location Ti
- Page 41 and 42: 32 were small, but they were in abu
- Page 43 and 44: I still gather them [the leaves] ev
- Page 45 and 46: The Makah harvested the leaves of c
- Page 47 and 48: Born on February 2, 1926, eighty-th
- Page 49 and 50: She arrived early enough on the Mak
- Page 51 and 52: Prairie was not surveyed (see Table
- Page 53: 44 Figure 35. 1895 Plat Map. Townsh
- Page 57 and 58: 48 the [Ozette] prairies. They woul
- Page 59 and 60: Enhance productivity of above-groun
- Page 61 and 62: We do have some evidence that the O
- Page 63 and 64: happened “yearly or whenever it w
- Page 65 and 66: such as parent material, land form,
- Page 67 and 68: to advance onto the Ozette Prairies
- Page 69 and 70: near Ozette; their meat and oil are
- Page 71 and 72: support their existing flora or par
- Page 73 and 74: References Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire Ec
- Page 75 and 76: Croes, D.R. and E. Blinman. 1980. H
- Page 77 and 78: Howie, S.A., P.H. Whitfield, R.J. H
- Page 79 and 80: expanded by G. Peterson and G. Pete
- Page 81 and 82: Vanderhoof, M. 1960. Death of pione
- Page 83 and 84: num hummocks dominated by Empretum
- Page 85 and 86: Linda Kunze’s Survey of Sand Poin
- Page 87 and 88: Appendix 3 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 89 and 90: Appendix 4 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 91 and 92: Appendix 5 Evidence of Indian Burni
- Page 93 and 94: ear, and elk that graze in there. T
- Page 95 and 96: the spiritual world of the prairies
- Page 97 and 98: Prairie Animal Resources. The prair
- Page 99 and 100: Ram Singh discussed the importance
- Page 101 and 102: long by ½” thick. It was found o
- Page 103 and 104: Ha’hiba, Trees common around the
45<br />
Figure 36. 1892-1897 Plat Map. Township 31 North, <strong>of</strong> Range 15 West <strong>of</strong> Willamette Meridian, Washington highlighting burned areas.<br />
Note the area burned (in yellow) is where Manny’s Prairie is today. <strong>The</strong> area burned (in orange) is where Sand Point Prairie is today.
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