Japan and the Japanese
Japan and the Japanese Japan and the Japanese
&2 JAPAN. A. D. 15421550. trees. Ten days after, they saw a beautiful island, covered with palms, but the wind prevented their landing. In another ten ot twelve days, the ships reached the great island of Mindanao, two hundred leagues in circumference, but with few inhabitants. Sail- ing thence to the south they discovered a .small island abounding in meat and rice but ; having, during half a year's residence, lost fou> hundred men in contests with the natives, who used poisoned arrows, they sailed to the Moluccas, where they remained about two years, till it was finally resolved, not having the means to get back to New Spain, to apply to the Portuguese governor to forward them to Goa. At Amboina, Cosmo met with Xavier, whose conversa- tion revived his religious inclinations; and, proceeding to Goa, he was ordained a priest by the bishop there, who placed him in charge of a cure. But he found no peace of mind till he betook himself to the college of St. Paul (which seems by this time to have passed into the hands of the Jesuits), being the more confirmed in his res- olution to join the order, by the return of Xavier to Goa, whose invitation to accompany him to Japan he joyfully accepted, and where he continued for twenty years to labor as a missionary. Cosmo, in his letter above quoted, says nothing of any hostile collision of the Spanish ships, in which he reached the East, with the Portuguese; but it appears, from Galvano's account of this expedition, that such collision did take place. He also gives, as the reason why the Spaniards did not land on Mindanao, the oppo- sition they experienced from some of the princes of it, who, by his own recent efforts, had been converted to Catholicism ; and who, having given their obedience to him, would by no means incur his dis- pleasure by entertaining these interloping Spaniards. One of the Spanish ships was sent back to New Spain with news of their success thus far. This ship passed among the northern islands of the group, which seem now first to have received the name of the Philippines. Another fleet sailed from Seville, in the year but none of the ships succeeded 1544, to cooperate with Ilui Lopes ; in paasing the Straits of Magellan, except one small bark, which ran up the coast to Peru. The Spaniards made no further attempts in the East till the expiration often years or more, when the Philip- pines were finally colonized an event not without its influence upon the affairs of Japan.
CHAPTER V. POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITION OF JAPAN, A3 FOUND BY THE PORTU GUESE. THE JACATAS, OR KINGS, AND THEIR VASSALS. REVENUES. MONEY. DISTINCTION OF HANKS. THE KUBO-SAMA. THE DAIRI. SINTO. BUDDHISM. 81UTO. A. D. 1550. JAPAN, as found by the Poiluguese, embraced three large islands, besides icany smaller ones. XIMO (or KIUSIU), the most southern and western of the group, and the one with which the Portuguese a narrow first became acquainted, is separated at the north, by strait, from the much larger island of NIPON, forming with its western portion a right angle, within which the third and much smaller island of SIKOKF is included. These islands were found to be divided into sixty-six separate governments, or king- doms, of which Nipon contained fifty-three, Ximo (or Kiusiu) nine, and Sikokf four the numerous smaller islands being reckoned as appurtenant to one or another of the three larger ones. These kingdoms, grouped into eight, or rather nine, larger divisions, and subdivided into principalities, of which, in all, there were not less than six hundred, had originally (at least such was the Japanese tradition) been provinces of a consol- idated empire ; but by degrees and by dint of civil wars, by which the islands had been, and still were, very much distracted, they had reached, at the period of the Portuguese discovery, a state of almost complete independence. Indeed, several of the kingdoms, like that of Fiyen, in the west part of Ximo, had still further disintegrated into independent principalities. It still frequently happened, however, that several provinces were united under one ruler ; and such was especially the case with live central provinces of Nipon, including the great cities of Miako, Ozaka, and Sakai, which five provinces formed the patrimony of a 5*
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&2 JAPAN. A. D. 15421550.<br />
trees. Ten days after, <strong>the</strong>y saw a beautiful isl<strong>and</strong>, covered with<br />
palms, but <strong>the</strong> wind prevented <strong>the</strong>ir l<strong>and</strong>ing. In ano<strong>the</strong>r ten ot<br />
twelve days, <strong>the</strong> ships reached <strong>the</strong> great isl<strong>and</strong> of Mindanao, two<br />
hundred leagues in circumference, but with few inhabitants. Sail-<br />
ing <strong>the</strong>nce to <strong>the</strong> south <strong>the</strong>y discovered a .small isl<strong>and</strong> abounding in<br />
meat <strong>and</strong> rice but ; having, during half a year's residence, lost fou><br />
hundred men in contests with <strong>the</strong> natives, who used poisoned arrows,<br />
<strong>the</strong>y sailed to <strong>the</strong> Moluccas, where <strong>the</strong>y remained about two years,<br />
till it was finally resolved, not having <strong>the</strong> means to get back to<br />
New Spain, to apply to <strong>the</strong> Portuguese governor to forward <strong>the</strong>m<br />
to Goa. At Amboina, Cosmo met with Xavier, whose conversa-<br />
tion revived his religious inclinations; <strong>and</strong>, proceeding to Goa, he<br />
was ordained a priest by <strong>the</strong> bishop <strong>the</strong>re, who placed him in charge<br />
of a cure. But he found no peace of mind till he betook himself<br />
to <strong>the</strong> college of St. Paul (which seems by this time to have passed<br />
into <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s of <strong>the</strong> Jesuits), being <strong>the</strong> more confirmed in his res-<br />
olution to join <strong>the</strong> order, by <strong>the</strong> return of Xavier to Goa, whose<br />
invitation to accompany him to <strong>Japan</strong> he joyfully accepted, <strong>and</strong><br />
where he continued for twenty years to labor as a missionary.<br />
Cosmo, in his letter above quoted, says nothing of any hostile<br />
collision of <strong>the</strong> Spanish ships, in which he reached <strong>the</strong> East, with<br />
<strong>the</strong> Portuguese; but it appears, from Galvano's account of this<br />
expedition, that such collision did take place. He also gives, as<br />
<strong>the</strong> reason why <strong>the</strong> Spaniards did not l<strong>and</strong> on Mindanao, <strong>the</strong> oppo-<br />
sition <strong>the</strong>y experienced from some of <strong>the</strong> princes of it, who, by his own<br />
recent efforts, had been converted to Catholicism ; <strong>and</strong> who, having<br />
given <strong>the</strong>ir obedience to him, would by no means incur his dis-<br />
pleasure by entertaining <strong>the</strong>se interloping Spaniards.<br />
One of <strong>the</strong> Spanish ships was sent back to New Spain with news<br />
of <strong>the</strong>ir success thus far. This ship passed among <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
isl<strong>and</strong>s of <strong>the</strong> group, which seem now first to have received <strong>the</strong> name<br />
of <strong>the</strong> Philippines. Ano<strong>the</strong>r fleet sailed from Seville, in <strong>the</strong> year<br />
but none of <strong>the</strong> ships succeeded<br />
1544, to cooperate with Ilui Lopes ;<br />
in paasing <strong>the</strong> Straits of Magellan, except one small bark, which ran<br />
up <strong>the</strong> coast to Peru. The Spaniards made no fur<strong>the</strong>r attempts in<br />
<strong>the</strong> East till <strong>the</strong> expiration often years or more, when <strong>the</strong> Philip-<br />
pines were finally colonized an event not without its influence<br />
upon <strong>the</strong> affairs of <strong>Japan</strong>.