Japan and the Japanese

ENGLISH AND DUTCH ADVENTURERS IN THE EAST. 566
ume of that work on China, to consult all accessible works about that coun-
try, he had been more and more confirmed in his opinion of the reality of
Pinto's adventures and the general correctness of his memory. Remusat, the
eminent Chinese scholar, cites Pinto as good authority for facts, and it was,
I believe, by his procurement, or that of the Societe Jlsiatique, that the
French translation of his travels was reprinted at Paris in 1830.
NOTE E.
I
EARLIEST ENGLISH AND DUTCH ADVENTURERS IN THE EAST. GOA.
Prior to the first Dutch and English India voyages, both Englishmen and
Dutchmen had reached India, some by way of Lisbon and the Cape of Good
Hope, others over land. Pinto speaks of Christians of various nations a3
among the adventurers with whom he acted. Hackluyt gives (vol. n.) a letter
written by Thomas Stevens, an English Jesuit, dated in 1579, at Goa, which
he had reached by way of Lisbon and the Cape of Good Hope.
This curious
letter was addressed by Stevens, who was attached to that very seminary of St.
Paul (or the Holy Faith), of which we have had occasion to make mention, to
his father in England. Hackluyt also gives in the same volume some very
interesting memorials of the adventures of John Newbury, who, attended by
Ralph Fitch, Story, a painter, Leeds, a jeweller, and others, was sent over
land in 1583, simultaneously with the first English attempts at exploration and
settlement in North America, by some London merchants of the Turkey Com-
pany, as bearer of letters from Queen Elizabeth to Zelabdim Echabar, king of
Gambia [ Ackbar, the Great Mogul] and to the king of China both which let-
ters, proposing trade and commerce, Hackluyt gives at length. Newbury proceeded
by way of Ormus, which he had visited before, and where he found mer-
chants of almost all nations, not Portuguese only, but Frenchmen, Flemings,
Germans, Hungarians, Greeks, Armenians, Turks, Arabs, Jews, Persians,
Muscovites, and especially Italians, who seem by this time to have recovered a
great share of the trade to the East. By one of these Italians Newbury and
his company were accused as spies of Don Antonio (the claimant as against
Philip II.,of the Portuguese throne, and at that time a refugee in England).
The fact also that Drake, in his recent voyage round the world, had, while
at the Moluccas, fired two shot at a Portuguese galleon, was alleged against
them. They were sent prisoners to the viceroy at Goa ; but, by the good
offices of the English Jesuit, Stevens, abovementioned, and of John Huigen
Van Linschoten, a Dutchman in the service of the archbishop, they were
released on giving sureties not to depart without leave of the viceroy, which
sureties they procured by placing goods in the hands of certain parties who
became bound for them.
Story, the painter, had indeed previously procured his discharge by joining
the Jesuits of St. Paul, where he was admitted as a probationer, and was
48