Japan and the Japanese

CHAPTER XLVI.
NEW DUTCH TREATY. MR. HAKRIS, AMERICAN CONSUL, AT SIMODA. HIS
CONVENTION WITH THE JAPANESE. HIS JOURNEY TO JEDO. SECOND
VISIT TO JEDO CONDITIONAL TREATY. BIUT1SH TREATY. FRENCH
AND RUSSIAN TREATIES. JAPANESE EMBASSY TO THE UNITED STATES.
THE success of the Americans in forming a treaty with Ja-
pan, led to negotiations on the part of the Dutch, by which the
narrow privileges enjoyed by that nation were considerably
extended. By this treaty, which was signed January 30, 1856,
the ports open to the Americans were opened also to the Dutch.
They were allowed to exercise their religion, and to bring their
wives and children to Japan. They were authorized to trade
directly with Japanese merchants, and to hold free intercourse
at Desima with other foreigners. They, in their turn, under-
took to supply the Japanese with a war steamer, and to give
them instruction in naval matters.
In August, 1856, the United States steamer San Jacinto
arrived at Simoda, bringing out Mr. Townshend Harris, a mer-
chant of New York, who had been appointed consul to Japan ;
as it proved, a very judicious selection. A temple near Simoda
was appointed for his residence, but the whole circumstances
of his reception showed that the Japanese dislike of foreign in-
tercourse remained almost as strong as ever. They had taken
some steps, however, to execute the treaty. They had built a
stone landing-place at Simoda, had brought from the mines
several hundred tons of coal, and had constructed a large bazaar
for the sale to Americans of Japanese wares. But it was very
apparent that Simoda, from its situation, never could become a
place of much trade ; while the necessity of purchasing through