Japan and the Japanese

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508 JAPAN. A. D. 18171854. and that the only way to deal successfully with the Japanese was to show a resolution not to take no for an answer. Accordingly, Mr. Webster, as Secretary of State, prepared a letter from the President to the Emperor of Japan ; also a letter ot instructions to the American naval commander in the China seas, to whom it was resolved to entrust the duty of envoy, and whose force was to be strengthened by additional ships. The sailing, however, of these ships was till delayed after Mr. Webster's death ; and in the mean time Commodore Matthew C. Perry was selected as the head of the expedition. A new letter,* dated Nov. 5, 1852, addressed from the State Department to the Secretary of the Navy, thus denned its objects : "1. To effect some permanent arrangement for the protection of American seamen and property wrecked on these islands, or driven into their ports by stress of weather. " 2. The permission to American vessels to enter one or more of their ports, in order to obtain supplies of provisions, water, fuel, &c. ; or, in case of disasters, to refit so as to enable them to prose- cute their voyage. It is very desirable to have permission to estab- lish a depot for coal, if not on one of the principal islands, at least on some small, uninhabited one, of which it is said there are several in their vicinity. " 3. The permission to our vessels to enter one or more of their ports for the purpose of disposing of their cargoes by barter." sale or The mission was to be of a pacific character, as the president had no power to declare war ; yet the show of force was evidently relied upon, as more likely than anything else to weigh with the Japanese. The Dutch it government, was stated, had in- structed their agents at Desima to do all they could to promote the success of the expedition. Indeed, if we may believe Jancigny,t who speaks from information obtained during a residence at Bata- * The official documents relating to this expedition were printed by order of U. S. Senate, 83d Cong., 2d Sess. Ex. Doc. No. 84. t Japan, p. 197. Perry, to judge by his letters (Dec. 14, 1852, May 6, 1853), did not place much reliance on the aid of the Dutch. The British Admiralty showed their good will by furnishing the latest charts and sailing directions for the Eastern seas.
AMERICAN LETTER TO THE EMPEROR. via in 1844-45, the King of Holland had, as long ago as that time addressed a letter to the Emperor of Japan, urging him to abandon the policy of exclusion. The letter of instructions disavowed any wish to obtain exclusive privileges ; but, as a matter of policy, nothing was to be said about other nations. A new letter to the Emperor of Japan was also prepared in the terms : following " MlLLARD FlLLMORE, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, TO HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY, TIIE EMPEROR OF JAPAN. " GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND : " 1 send you this public letter by Commodore Matthew C. Perry, an officer of the highest rank in the navy of the United States, and commander of the squadron now visiting your imperial majesty's dominions. " I have directed Commodore Perry to assure your imperial majesty that I entertain the kindest feelings towards your majesty's person and government, and that I have no other object in sending him to Japan but to propose to your imperial majesty that the United States and Japan should live in friendship and have commercial intercourse with each other. " The constitution and laws of the United States forbid all interference with the religious or political 'concerns of other nations. I have particularly charged Commodore Perry to abstain from every act which could possibly disturb the tranquillity of your imperial majesty's dominions. " The United States of America reach from ocean to ocean, and our Terri- tory of Oregon and State of California lie directly opposite to the dominions of your imperial majesty. Our steamships can go from California to Japan in eighteen days. " Our great state of California produces about sixty millions of dollars in gold every year, besides silver, quicksilver, precious stones, and many other valuable articles. Japan is also a rich and fertile country, and produces many very valuable articles. Your imperial majesty's subjects are skilled in many of the arts. I am desirous that our two countries should trade with each other, for the benefit both of Japan and the United States. " We know that the ancient laws of your imperial majesty's government do not allow of foreign trade except with the Chinese and the Dutch ; but, it seems as the state of the world changes, and new governments are formed, to be wise, from time to time, to' make new laws. There was a time when the ancient laws of your imperial majesty's government were first made. " About the same time America, which is sometimes called the New World, was first discovered and settled by the Europeans. For a long time there were but a few people, and they were poor. They have now become quite numer- ous ; their commerce is very extensive ; and they think that if your imperial majesty were so far to change the ancient laws as to allow a free trade between the two countries, it would be extremely beneficial to both. 43*
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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CA
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Entered cronlmg to Ac! of Confnw, I
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II ADVERTISEMENT. ers, it will be f
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Earliest Europ
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CONTENTS. VIC CHAPTER XVIII. New Ed
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CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER XXXV. From Nag
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GLOSSAEY. Ainidn. Under this name i
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JAPAN AND THE JAPANESE. CHAPTER I.
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MARCO POLO'S ACCOUNT OF IT. 15 attr
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MONGOL INVASION. 11 found few of th
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MONGOL INVASION. become tributary.
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DISCOVERY BY THE PORTUGUESE. 21 man
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FERNAM MENDEZ PINTO. 23 the only on
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: *-ERNAM MENDEZ PINTO. 25 there fo
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PIXTO'S FIRST VISIT. 27 changed soo
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PINTO S FIKST VISIT. principal merc
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JUNTO'S FIRST VISIT. 31 to whom all
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PINTO'S FIRST VISIT. him from China
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JAPANESE ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST EUROP
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CHAPTER III. PINTO'S SECOND VISIT T
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THE JAPANESE. 39 the Most High ; fo
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CHAPTER IV. BELIGIOUS FAITH THREE C
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SOCIETY OF JESUS. 43 impregnated wi
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MISSltN OF XAVIER TO THE EAST. 45 g
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XAVIER'S MISSION THITHER 47 the chi
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P/UL OF THE HOLY FAITH. 49 " No soo
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COSMK 1E TORRES. 5i remote regions,
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CHAPTER V. POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS
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REVENUES AND MONET. 53 pounds * Ten
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THE DAIRI AND HIS COURT. 57 BOD at
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RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF SINTO. geding,
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BELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF SINTO. 61 own ;
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BUDDHISM. 63 yet in general that sy
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BUDDHISM. 65 There was this further
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CHAPTER VI. CIVILIZATION OF THE JAP
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CUSTOM OF LEGAL SUICIDE. 69 domesti
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CHAPTER VII. PREACHING OP XAVIER. P
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; PINTO' s THIRD VISIT. 73 which ar
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CHAPTER VIII. PROGRESS OF THE MISSI
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adopt NUGNES BARRETO. 77 the Jesuit
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CHAPTER IX. LOUIS ALMEIDA. THE MISS
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NOBUNANGA. 81 account in a long and
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SPREAD OF CATHOLICISM. 83 Sama made
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CONVERSION OF THE KING OF BUNGO. 85
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JAPANESE EMBASSY TO THE POPE. 87 ni
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LETTER OF THE KING OF BUXGO. 8> ack
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DISCOURSE ON OBEDIENCE. 9l assembly
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LETTERS FROM THE POPE. 93 proposed
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CHAPTER XI. EYENV? MEANWHILE IN JAP
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PERSECUTION COMMENCED. 97 Desirous
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RETURN OF THE AMBASSADORS. north of
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EXTENT OF THE EMPIRE. 10 1 to the a
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CLERICAL FORCE OF THE JESUITS. IQ'6
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VALIGNANI'S AUDIENCE. 10t> by remai
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VALIGNANl'S AUDIENCE. 107 After din
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SPANIARDS IX JAPAN. 109 Jesuits of
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POLICY OF TAIKO-SAMA. Hi bands, chi
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SPANISH INTRIGUES. Ho Having taken
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CHAPTER XV. PROGRESS OF THE COREAN
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CHAPTER XVI. tALOUSY ON THE PART OF
Page 127 and 128:
THE DAIRI AND HIS COURT. 119 concei
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JESUIT PARTICIPATION IN COMMERCE. 1
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FIRST MARTYRS. 125 quer, who, as so
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CHAPTER XVIII. NEW EDICT FOR THE DE
Page 135 and 136:
THE KEGENT GE-JAS. 127 and thirty-s
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FRIARS FROM THE PHILIPPINES. 129 re
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CHAPTER XX. ATTEMPT OF THE ENGLISH
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DUTCH AND ENGLISH VOYAGES TO THE EA
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FIRST DUTCH. VOYAG-E TO THE PACIFIC
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RESOLUTION TO SAIL FOR JAPAN. 137 t
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ADAMS AND HIS COMPANIONS. 139 pound
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THE SPANIARDS OF MANILLA. 141 certa
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BUTCH INTERCOURSE COMMENCES. 143 ou
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DON KODRIGO DE VIVERO. 145 and plac
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DON RODRIGO'S OBSERVATIONS. a deep
Page 157 and 158:
RECEPTION BY THE EMPEROR. 14& by tw
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TOMB OF TAIKO-SAMA. 15\ night. At t
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SECOND DUTCH VOYAGE THITHER. a litt
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SPEX'S NEGOTIATIONS. 155 nor had a
Page 165 and 166:
SPEX'S CHARTER. 157 jfrom Jedo they
Page 167 and 168:
FATHER LOUIS SOTELO. 159 Thence the
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FIRST ENGLISH VOYAGE THITHER. 161 T
Page 171 and 172:
THE ENGLISH AT FIRANDO. 163 the nor
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JAPANESE DRAMA. 165 their favors, a
Page 175 and 176:
SARIS' JOURNEY TO COURT. 167 and ar
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SARIS' VISIT TO JEDO. 169 knee, it
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EMBASSY FROM THE PHILIPPINES. 171 T
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RIVALKT OF THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH. 1
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CHAPTER XXIII. ECCLESIASTICAL RETRO
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XOGUX-SAMA. 17T estate, to recover
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MARTYRDOMS. 179 Such, indeed, was t
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CATHOLIC QUARRELS. 181 priests had
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COLLISIONS OF THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH
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ENGLISH ABANDON THE TRADE. The arra
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SEVERITY OF THE PERSECUTION. 187 gr
Page 197 and 198:
FATHERS COLLADO AND SOTELO. 189 sat
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REBELLION OF SIMABARA. 191 What it
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CHAPTER XXV. POLICY OF THE DUTCH. A
Page 203 and 204:
HAGANAAR'S VISITS. 195 seek an aceo
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PRODUCE AND INCOME. 197 nes, and ro
Page 207 and 208:
PRINCES AND NOBLES. 199 one half th
Page 209 and 210:
THE DUTCH SHUT UP IN DESIMA. 201 fr
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VOYAGE OF THE BRESKENS AXD CASTRICO
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EXTINCTION OF THE CATHOLIC FAITH. 2
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FOREIGN TRADE. 207 They have a grea
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EXPORT OF GOLD AND SILVER. 209 exha
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A BUDDHIST MISSIONARY. 21l them (th
Page 221 and 222:
RESTRICTIONS OX THE DUTCH TRADE. 21
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RESTRICTIONS ON THE CHINESE TRADE.
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ENGELBERT KAMPFER. 217 rather to le
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' removal of the body ; KAMPFER LAN
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KAMPFER'S MEANS OF INFORMATION. 221
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DESCRIPTION OF DESIMA. 225 oned as
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THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 225 " Our ship
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THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 227 Up and whe
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THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 22& of their c
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COKPORATION OF INTERPRETERS. 231 sh
Page 241 and 242:
THE OTTONA OF DESIMA. 238 petually
Page 243 and 244:
OTHER OFFICERS OF DESIMA. 235 and g
Page 245 and 246:
JAPANESE SERVANTS AT DESIMA. 237 al
Page 247 and 248:
JEALOUS VIGILANCE OVER THE DUTCH. 2
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CHAPTER XXVIII. PARTICULAR STATEMEN
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DUTCH TRADE. 24d inferior officers,
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DUTCH TRADE. 245 but noi e from Spa
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KAMBANQ OR PUBLIC SALE. 247 the inh
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PROFITS OP THE DUTCH TRADE. 249 " T
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DUTCH RETURN CARGOES. 251 refined c
Page 261 and 262:
DEPARTURE OF THE DUTCH SHIPS. 253 a
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EXECUTION OF SMUGGLERS. 255 they pl
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NAGASAKI. 25V Built along the shore
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NAGASAKI. 259 " The handsomest buil
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NAGASAKI. 261 neighboring coast yie
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GOVERNORS OF NAGASAKI. 263 suit ann
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STREET GOVERNMENT. 266 solicit the
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FIGURE-TREADING. 267 domestics, and
Page 277 and 278:
TAXATION. and, indeed, all over the
Page 279 and 280:
SUWA'S MATSURI. 27. on the seventh,
Page 281 and 282:
SUAVA'S MATSURI. the alms-chest is
Page 283 and 284:
DRAMATIC EXHIBITIONS. 275 of ceremo
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CHAPTER XXX. BJIMPFER'S TWO JOURNEY
Page 287 and 288:
JOURNEY TO COURT. 279 company into
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JOURNEY TO COURT. 28 1. horse's nec
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LOVE OF BOTANY. 283 they are to be
Page 293 and 294:
HORSEMANSHIP. 286 they make us of a
Page 295 and 296:
NORIMONS AND KANGOS. 287 their hand
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HIGHWAYS. 289 highway, showing what
Page 299 and 300:
RIVERS. 29i 5 In several parts of t
Page 301 and 302:
COASTING VOYAGE. 295 ited and stock
Page 303 and 304:
.BUILDINGS. 293 them, if the wind f
Page 305 and 306:
CASTLES. 297 in these houses, and t
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PROCLAMATION PLACES. 299 is able to
Page 309 and 310:
TEMPLES. 301 stand commonly on risi
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CHARMS AND AMULETS. 303 accidents,
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INNS. 305 carries upon his shoulder
Page 315 and 316:
FIRE-PLACES. 307 a Tokiwari, as the
Page 317 and 318:
BATHING AND SWEATING HOUSE. 309 6.
Page 319 and 320:
GARDENS. 311 ment. Ordinary people
Page 321 and 322:
TEA. 313 leaves are laid upon the d
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PRINCELY RETINUES. 31 crown lands t
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PRINCELY RETINUES. 317 monstrous si
Page 327 and 328:
PILGRIM BEGGARS. 319 \ng people's e
Page 329 and 330:
JAMABO. 321 They commonly have a sh
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PILGRIM BEGGARS. 323 proper ceremon
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COURTESANS. 325 " Nor must I forget
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DUTCH JOURNEY TO COURT. 327 ties ha
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INCIDENTS OF THE JOURNEY. 329 honor
Page 339 and 340:
RECEPTION AT THE INNS. 831 agement,
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UNIVEBSAL POLITENESS. 333 he bows d
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SEIMEI THE ASTROLOGER. 335 fox whos
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SAXGA, CAPITAL OP FIG EN. 337 The s
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OSAKA. 3% chiefly ordinary people,
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OSAKA. 34l being adorned at top wit
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GOVERNOR OF OSAKA. 343 upon their d
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JODO AND FUSIMI. 345 tvlso of them,
Page 355 and 356:
RECEPTIONS AT MIAKO. 347 " Feb. 29,
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DESCRIPTION OF MIAKO. 349 presents
Page 359 and 360:
CENSUS OF MIAKO. 351 following Arat
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DSUTSI JAMA. 358 Japanese, a people
Page 363 and 364:
FUSI-NO-JAMA. 3o5 atorm was coming
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A LIVE SAINT. 357 mentioned, the ch
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ENTRANCE INTO JEDO. 359 nothing to
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DESCRIPTION OF JEDO. 361 mats, and
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IMPERIAL PALACE. 365 higher than th
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CHAPTER XXXVII. PERSONAGES TO BE VI
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IMPERIAL AUDIENCE. 367 ilemen of th
Page 377 and 378:
FAMILIAR RECEPTION. 369 of state an
Page 379 and 380:
FAMILIAR RECEPTION. 371 commerce. T
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VISITS TO THE HIGH OFFICERS. 373 wa
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BILLS OF FARE. 375 We had scarce se
Page 385 and 386:
AUDIENCE OF LEAVE. 377 fully by the
Page 387 and 388:
PRESENTS. 379 9. A large mange boil
Page 389 and 390:
TEMPLES AT MIAKO. 381 and chief pri
Page 391 and 392:
CHAPTER XXXVIII. FDRTHER JECLINE OF
Page 393 and 394:
DRAIN OF THE PRECIOUS METALS. 385 T
Page 395 and 396:
CHAPTER XXXIX. IHPNBERG'S VISIT TO
Page 397 and 398:
THUNBERG'S VISIT. 38& from Batavia
Page 399 and 400:
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 391 of this tr
Page 401 and 402:
THE DUTCH AT DESIMA. 393 vi)let hue
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VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS. 895 the Port
Page 405 and 406:
JOURNEY TO COURT. 397 was frequentl
Page 407 and 408:
DWELLING-HOUSES. 899 fhe mode of bu
Page 409 and 410:
ing. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE. 401 " The
Page 411 and 412:
MANAGEMENT OF CIII1 . REN. 403 dren
Page 413 and 414:
DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 405 berg'fe disap
Page 415 and 416:
THUNBERG'S BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS.
Page 417 and 418:
THUNBERG AT JEDO. 409 of the countr
Page 419 and 420:
THUNBERG AT JEDO. 411 nine being a
Page 421 and 422:
IMPERIAL AUDIENCE. 413 mai \s) make
Page 423 and 424:
VISITS TO THE HIGH OFFICERS. 415 Th
Page 425 and 426:
VISITS TO THE HIGH OFFICERS. 417 ta
Page 427 and 428:
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 419 dies.
Page 429 and 430:
FARMING. 421 fire-flies, so much mo
Page 431 and 432:
THUNBERG'S CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE.
Page 433 and 434:
ISAAC TITSINGH. 42b though Titsingh
Page 435 and 436:
RELATIONS OF THE DAIRI AND SIOGUN.
Page 437 and 438:
CONSERVATIVES AND LIBERALS. on a le
Page 439 and 440:
POWER OF THE PRINCES. 431 and sever
Page 441 and 442:
MARRIAGE CEREMONIES. 433 from the s
Page 443 and 444:
MARRIAGE CEREMONIES. 435 of the sec
Page 445 and 446:
MARRIAGE CEREMONIES. 437 were, to e
Page 447 and 448:
FUNERAL CEREMONIES. 439 before she
Page 449 and 450:
MOURNING. 441 pray before it mornin
Page 451 and 452:
FEAST OF LANTERNS. 443 repast set b
Page 453 and 454:
RUSSIAN MISSION THITHER. 445 In 179
Page 455 and 456:
INGENUITY OF A JAPANESE FISHERMAN.
Page 457 and 458:
KUSSIAN EMBASSY. 449 uO which Hagen
Page 459 and 460:
D.TEFF'S JOURNEY TO JEDO. 451 The a
Page 461 and 462:
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 453 the name o
Page 463 and 464:
THE FRIGATE PHAETON. 455 stationed,
Page 465 and 466: ENGLISH ATTEMPT ON DESIMA. 457 from
Page 467 and 468: DUTCH-JAPANESE CHILDREN. 459 direct
Page 469 and 470: EAST COAST OF JESO. 46i travelled b
Page 471 and 472: GOLOWXIN AT HAKODADE. 463 halted fo
Page 473 and 474: OFFICIAL EXAMINATIONS. 465 preter "
Page 475 and 476: AN ESCAPE AND RECAPTURE. 467 learne
Page 477 and 478: AMUSEMENTS. 469 indeed, this same n
Page 479 and 480: CAPTAIN RIKOKD. 47l be drunk in the
Page 481 and 482: A JAPANESE MERCHANT. derstcrd not a
Page 483 and 484: THE MERCHANT'S LADY FRIEND. 47k the
Page 485 and 486: KACHl'S KELEASE. 477 whether it be
Page 487 and 488: THE DIANA Al HAKODADE. 479 of our t
Page 489 and 490: WARNING OFF. 481 will acquaint them
Page 491 and 492: SOCIAL POSITION OF MERCHANTS. 483 R
Page 493 and 494: AN ENGLISH SHIP IN THE BAY OF JEDO.
Page 495 and 496: JAPANESE WOMEN. 487 greater part, h
Page 497 and 498: PHILIPP FRANZ VON SIEBOLD. 489 foll
Page 499 and 500: VOYAGE OF THE MORRISON. 491 The sam
Page 501 and 502: THE MORRISON DRIVEN OFF. 493 and th
Page 503 and 504: VOYAGES OF THE SARAMANG AND MERCATO
Page 505 and 506: BIDDLE- IN THE BAT OF JEDO. 497 if
Page 507 and 508: CAPTIVE SEAMEN. 499 ition was put u
Page 509 and 510: NOTIFICATIONS TO FOREIGN SHIPS. 50l
Page 511 and 512: AMERICAN PRISONERS. 503 Americans.
Page 513 and 514: EXCLUSIVE POLICY ADHERED TO. 505 Th
Page 515: DUTCH AND CHINESE TRADE. 50 1 had b
Page 519 and 520: AMERICAN LETTER TO THE EMPEROR. 51
Page 521 and 522: PERRY'S FIRST VISIT. 513" here and
Page 523 and 524: PERRY'S FIRST VISIT. 515 with a bla
Page 525 and 526: DELIVERY OF THE PRESIDENT'S LETTER.
Page 527 and 528: PERRY'S SECOND VISIT. their gardens
Page 529 and 530: NEGOTIATION OF THE TREATY. 521 them
Page 531 and 532: THE TREATY AS AGREED TO. 523 that p
Page 533 and 534: TREATY. 525 as shall be temporarily
Page 535 and 536: SIMOD/ AND ITS VICINITY. 527 which
Page 537 and 538: HAKODADE. 529 filled with ashes. A
Page 539 and 540: MONETARY SYSTEM. 53 i marked with t
Page 541 and 542: PILOTAGE. COAL. 53
Page 543 and 544: THIRD VISIT OF THE AMERICAN STEAMER
Page 545 and 546: SIMODA. 537 with a small wooden ham
Page 547 and 548: SIMODA. 539 square tiles for floors
Page 549 and 550: SIMODA. 541 it is laid on, and then
Page 551 and 552: CHAPTER XLVI. NEW DUTCH TREATY. MR.
Page 553 and 554: MR. HARRIS'S JOURNEY TO JEDO. 545 "
Page 555 and 556: AUDIENCE WITH THE EMPEROR. 547 " Th
Page 557 and 558: SECOND VISIT TO JEDO TREATY. 549 "
Page 559 and 560: JAPANESE EMBASSY ARRIVE AT WASHINGT
Page 561 and 562: APPENDIX. NOTE A. THE JAPANESE LANG
Page 563 and 564: JAPANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 5
Page 565 and 566: JAPANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 5
Page 567 and 568:
JAPANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 5
Page 569 and 570:
two words, combined together two an
Page 571 and 572:
FERNAM MENDEZ PINTO. 563 ernor of t
Page 573 and 574:
ENGLISH AND DUTCH ADVENTURERS IN TH
Page 575 and 576:
JAPANESE DARING AND ADVENTURE. 567
Page 577 and 578:
PRODUCTS OF JAPAN. 569 In articles
Page 579 and 580:
PRODUCTS OF JAIAN. 571 food, rank t
Page 581 and 582:
KLAPROTH'S ACCOUNT OF JAPAN. 573 to
Page 583 and 584:
KLAPROTIl'S ACCOUNT OF JAPAN. 575 a
Page 585 and 586:
KLAPROTH'S ACCOUNT or JAPAN. 57? sa
Page 587 and 588:
OMITTED DOCUMENTS. 579 Kettles. 2.
Page 589 and 590:
OMITTED DOCUMENTS. 681 governors th
Page 591 and 592:
E, 410, 453. Acting and Actors. 164
Page 593 and 594:
Has, 29. KU.HJ, 55. KIai.r-.tl., 62
Page 600 and 601:
OCT2? REC'D CT 1 UNIVERSITY OF CALI
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Japan and the Japanese

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